Since the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties in Berlin in 1995, the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have met annually. However, the preparation period for the Paris Climate Change Conference is filled with a more intense atmosphere than in previous years. The global fossil energy divestment campaign launched by the G7 and the G7 countries’ leaders promised to phase out the high-carbon emissions industry by the end of the century, indicating that the ambitious goals set by the Paris Climate Change Conference are realistic. However, to achieve this goal, the important role of coal, oil and natural gas and other fossil fuels in the global development process played by the people can not be ignored. Any climate agreement must be supported by all UN member states in order to successfully achieve this goal. However, it is not realistic to let many developing countries give up the most affordable and reliable energy. So in the next few decades, coal will still be part of the energy mix of many developing countries.
take China as an example
China is the most striking example of the rapid development of coal. In the past three decades, China's economy has developed rapidly, and the grid covers 99% of the country's population. China's exports are spread all over the world and are famous in the world. Without sufficient coal supply, China cannot achieve these achievements. Other Asian countries also have large coal reserves, and they may follow China's development path. By 2035, the average annual growth rate of coal consumption in Southeast Asian countries is expected to reach 4.8%. In the same period, the average annual growth rate of coal production is expected to reach 2.4%.
Based on this, at the Paris Climate Change Conference, it is irresponsible for delegates to ignore the role of clean coal technology in reducing CO2 emissions. Therefore, to provide the necessary funding and policy support is crucial for the development of clean coal technology. High-efficiency, low-emissions (HELE) coal-fired power generation technology and Carbon Capture, Useand Storage (CCUS) technology can significantly reduce carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants. The demand for coal.
Efficient low-emission coal-fired power generation technology
Efficient, low-emission coal-fired power generation technology can increase the efficiency of coal-fired power plants by reducing CO2 emissions by approximately 2 billion tons per year. Achieving emission reductions at this scale requires the use of advanced technologies to increase the average efficiency of global coal-fired power generation from the current 33% to 40%. The reduction of 2 billion tons of CO2 is equivalent to three times the target value of the Kyoto Protocol, which is equivalent to the annual CO2 emissions of India.
If this technology is applied to all new coal-fired power plants, it will have a very favorable impact on global CO2 emission reduction, while maintaining the two advantages of low coal resource prices and abundant reserves. Efficient and low-emission coal-fired power generation technology is the most reasonable and effective way to ensure energy supply and suppress climate change. Therefore, negotiators at the Paris Climate Change Conference should be aware of the importance of the technology and seek international support for this technology.
Carbon capture, utilization and storage technology
Carbon capture, utilization and storage technologies are another key technology that is important for CO2 reduction. At the same time, the technology can also maintain the economics and practicality of fossil energy, biomass and waste such as coal. By applying CO2 capture and storage (CCS) or CCUS technology, CO2 can be sequestered or used to enhance oil recovery (CO2-EOR). The use of CO2 to improve oil recovery has been used for decades. CO2-EOR is important because it can provide benefits for early large-scale CCUS demonstration projects, thereby reducing costs. The successful operation of the SaskPower Boundary Dam Carbon Capture Project (BoundaryDamCarbonCaptureProject) demonstrates the feasibility and economy of CCUS technology in coal-fired power generation applications.
Boundary dam carbon capture project
In 2014, the boundary dam project was officially put into operation. This is the world's first commercial-scale coal-fired power plant post-combustion carbon capture project and has become the benchmark for this technology development. The border dam CCS project near Estevan, Saskatchewan, has an installed capacity of 110 MW, reducing CO2 emissions by 1 million tons per year, equivalent to a reduction of 250,000 vehicles per year on the province's roads. . Most of the CO2 captured by the boundary dam CCS project is used for enhanced oil recovery in nearby oil fields, and some are stored in the saline sandstone layer at 3.4 km deep in the Aquistore project. In addition, the project also captures all SOx and 56% of NOx emitted by the plant. This again shows that this advanced technology can effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by coal utilization.
Improve coal utilization efficiency platform
Obviously, climate change is a severe challenge facing the whole world, but developing the economy and getting rid of poverty is also a key issue that needs to be solved urgently. Coal has always driven the rapid economic development. For developing countries to improve their living standards, they also need reliable energy security. However, this does not mean that the use of coal will lead to unsustainable development. Low-carbon technologies such as HELE and CCUS provide valuable opportunities for us to make rational use of coal while solving these problems.
The World Coal Association is aware of the important role of low-carbon emissions technologies and has therefore established a Platform for Improving Coal Use Efficiency (PACE). PACE calls on countries around the world to use high-efficiency coal-fired power generation technology as much as possible in the use of coal resources. The overall goal of PACE is to increase the average efficiency of coal-fired power plants around the world, and to minimize CO2 emissions while ensuring sound economic development and reducing poverty. As urbanization accelerates and countries seek economic development, we must acknowledge that demand for affordable, safe and reliable energy will continue to grow. Therefore, at the 21st UN Climate Change Conference in Paris, we must not only face the facts, but also recognize the enormous potential of efficient low-emission coal-fired power generation technology and carbon capture, utilization and storage technologies.
The use of these technologies not only ensures an affordable, safe and reliable energy supply, but also significantly reduces CO2 emissions. We must seize this opportunity not only to protect the environment, but also to the population of 1.3 billion people facing energy shortages. Opportunity for reform
In recent years, people have been criticizing fossil energy more and more. With the launch of the fossil energy divestment campaign, this momentum has soared. In order to achieve the goal of limiting the global average temperature increase to 2 °C as much as possible, it is imperative to take the necessary actions. Many countries in India, Indonesia and Asia have seen the progress China has made in recent decades and are aware of the key role of coal-fired power generation in its economic growth and development. For the international community, the complete removal of coal from the energy structure can only be a good wish and not practical. Indian power minister Piyush Goyal has said that coal plays a "key role" in his "PowerforAll" plan. This ambitious plan will cost $250 billion and the goal is to be able to use electricity by all Indians by 2019. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) report, by 2035, the proportion of coal in India's total energy supply is expected to rise from the current 43% to 51%. Obviously, India does not intend to reduce its coal use.
Therefore, in the 21st century, if people want to reach a global climate change agreement, the development of clean coal technology is very important. It is nonsense to expect that a country like India, which ranks second in the world in population, will give up coal and give up the opportunity to use affordable, stable and reliable energy. Other emerging economies and developing countries in Asia will also not give up coal-fired power generation.
in conclusion
Some claim that the Paris Climate Change Conference will be the last chance to reach a new global climate agreement and reverse the trend of climate deterioration. At that time, if countries at different stages of development can reach a consensus on climate issues, then the Paris Climate Change Conference will be a milestone. Cheap and stable energy supply is a key factor in economic development, so coal is a wise choice for many developing and emerging economies. These countries will certainly not support the achievement of climate agreements that hinder their economic development. However, technological advances can take into account both economic development and climate change. High-efficiency, low-emission coal-fired power generation technology and carbon capture, utilization and storage technologies have the potential to meet not only people's energy needs, but also to significantly reduce global CO2 emissions. In short, only by curbing climate change and achieving economic development as a whole and prioritizing, can we successfully overcome the challenges facing the world.
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