On April 4, 2009, two workers working in the mines at the Dongyuan Stone Material Factory in Juchao District died on the spot and two people were injured.
Small open-pit quarry accidents in Anhui Province occurred frequently. From January to June 2012, there were 8 accidents and 12 deaths. Among them, there were 5 vehicle injury accidents, including 4 excavator rollover accidents, mainly due to insufficient width of the working platform, as well as the design requirements of the mountain transportation road, the steep slope and insufficient width.
Problem
1. There is no scientific demonstration and planning for the quarry site and deposit. In the urban construction project, a large amount of sand and gravel materials are needed. Some village committees or village groups with building materials resources will establish a large number of quarries and distribute them to individual businesses. . However, in the process of establishing a quarry, a considerable number of villages and village groups do not work according to science. The site of the quarry and the ore body structure have never been investigated, and their resource reserves, geological safety, and mining years have been I have never conducted argumentation and planning, rushed to launch, blindly exploited. Some quarries are opened under the mountain roots of 70-80 meters high, and they are not mined in stages according to the standard, thus forming rock mining slopes and cavities; some of them allow multiple mining in the quarry of the same mining face, and There are two or more, and there are five or six. At the same time, the unauthorized private transfer of the quarry was serious, causing serious hidden dangers to production safety.
2. The quality of the operators is not high, and there is a lack of professional and technical personnel. In the existing small and medium-sized quarries, they are all private or self-employed. These quarries vary greatly in size, ranging from tens to hundreds of cubic meters of sand and stone per day. The mining method includes both manual mining and semi-mechanized mining. Due to the low quality of a considerable number of operators, there are basically no engineering and technical personnel or specially trained professionals among the employed people. Most of the workers are farmers who do not have basic knowledge and operational skills. The level of industry and culture is low and the liquidity is large, and the owners are unable to carry out training. In mining, the owner does not rely on technical norms but on the so-called experience in command operations, illegal operation and production, safety production and labor protection measures are very poor, depending on the life of the workers as a child, and do not want money.
3. Insufficient investment and illegal operation, the quarry owners do not make necessary investment to reduce the mining cost, and use a large amount of labor to engage in more primitive mining, and the process and equipment are simple. All quarries are not constructed in accordance with the “three simultaneous†regulations for safe production. Mining is carried out from top to bottom without stages. In violation of the operating procedures, the bench drill is used to drill horizontally or downwardly; the blaster violates regulations and blasts. Or blasting the umbrella; some owners are picking up at the bottom of the rock in the slope, huge umbrellas and slabs are suspended in the air, and the large ones are hundreds of cubic meters. For the workers below, there is a tendency of “Taishan toppingâ€, after the rain and More weather is easy to cause collapse and slip, and similar accidents occur continuously.
4. There is no restriction on the investment scale of the quarry. A small quarry with a number of mining or a mining face is widely existed. Small quarry owners often invest more than 100,000 yuan, employ more than ten people around the two crushers for mining and processing, and can not achieve scale and standardized mining; the boundaries of each quarry are dynamic and uncontrollable, mutual interference, It is difficult to solve the dispute, and the mining of the neighbors is not synchronized, which poses a safety hazard.
5. Lack of effective supervision and management. According to the current regulations on safety production laws, regulations and departmental regulations, the main body of law enforcement for safety production is the government at or above the county level and the relevant departments. The township government can only perform general inspection work and cannot Other township and village enterprises conduct law enforcement investigations on production safety. Due to the wide variety of quarries, the county (district) departments are subject to personnel, equipment and system constraints, and it is difficult to implement regular and effective supervision and management. Township governments cannot investigate and deal with the loopholes in the safety production supervision of quarries. .
6. Damage to the environment
Causes of environmental damage in quarry
The sources of ecological damage to quarries can be divided into two categories: man-made damage and natural damage. Whether it is man-made damage or natural destruction, it will eventually lead to a series of serious ecological and environmental problems such as vegetation destruction, bare land, soil erosion, deterioration of ecological environment and destruction of natural landscape.
Man-made source of destruction
1. The damage caused by the establishment of the basic building. After the site selection of the quarry is determined, some basic buildings will be built at the site selection. The establishment of these buildings will cause the original plants on the site to be destroyed and reduce the vegetation coverage.
2. Damage caused by mining. In the process of excavation of stonework in the quarry, it will bring great harm to the ecological environment. Before mining, the vegetation and soft soil on the stone to be excavated should be treated, the trees should be felled, the grass without use should be burned, and the soft soil and loose soil on the stone side should be removed, which will greatly reduce the vegetation and make the soil and water Reduced ability to maintain.
3. During the mining process, part of the topsoil will be stripped, which will have a certain impact on the original vegetation. At the same time, the main ore layer is mined, which will cause serious water leakage and structural damage of the overlying rock layer, which will cause the plants to lose their living conditions. The massive mining of stone will destroy the mountain and surface vegetation and accelerate the development of soil erosion. Excavation of the slope and cutting of the slope, resulting in imbalance of the mountain. With the gradual expansion of the quarrying, the exposed surface will be further expanded, and the surface of the temporary spoil pile will be expanded.
Big will also increase the exposed surface, all of which will aggravate the occurrence of soil erosion. After the mining, a large amount of solid waste was accumulated on the hillside, which increased the load and caused the landslide to continue to occur. Some waste soil will be transported to the river and dumped directly. With the impact of the river, these waste soils are washed away, and to a certain extent, it also causes serious soil erosion. In addition, people do not pay attention to the vegetation and other conditions, the damaged vegetation can not be restored, to some extent, soil erosion is worsened, the ecological environment is deteriorating, and the natural landscape is destroyed.
Source of natural destruction
During the whole process of mining in the quarry, due to the rain, the soil with loss of vegetation protection and soil and water conservation capacity will be further eroded by rainwater, causing soil erosion. If
In the harsh weather conditions such as heavy rain, it is very likely to cause mudslides, leading to serious soil erosion and deterioration of the ecological environment.
Quarry status
1. At this stage, most of the small and medium-sized quarries in China are mountain-type quarries. The annual production scale is 30,000-30,000 tons, the mining range is generally less than 0.01KM2, and the maximum mining height of the quarry is generally 20-50. Rice, because the mining rights permit mining is small, the original slope of the mining site is steep. Therefore, if multi-step mining is used, it is difficult to arrange mechanical transportation roads between the steps, technically it is not feasible, and manual transportation is adopted in the mining site. Multiple transfers between the steps are required, and the economy is obviously unreasonable. The use of multi-step mining in small open quarries has insufficient natural conditions and is difficult to promote.
2. Most of the quarries still continue to use the bottom of the caving and mining and expansion of the pot, which is prone to various accidents. In addition, most quarries are still “one-slope†mining. There is no safe rock drilling platform. The operators use safety ropes and safety belts on the slope for a long time, and they are inconvenient to walk and fall easily.
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