Both are spiral beneficiation equipment, the principle of separation is the same, and the structure of the equipment is similar. The main difference is that the spiral groove has a different cross-sectional shape. Spiral concentrator spiral groove cross-section is approximately oval shape, adapted to sorting coarse-grained iron ore, sorting the general size range of 0.074 ~ 2mm. The cross section of the spiral groove of the spiral chute is cubic parabolic shape, and the bottom of the groove is relatively flat and gentle. It is suitable for selecting fine ore and slime. The general particle size range is 0.02~0.5mm. At present, there are more applications for spiral chutes.
1. Spiral concentrator
(1) Ordinary spiral concentrator. The structure is shown in Figure 1. The equipment type, specifications and performance are listed in Table 1.
(2) GL-600 spiral concentrator. On the basis of the introduction of the Australian spiral concentrator, Guangzhou Nonferrous Institute has improved the characteristics of China's mineral resources, developed a new type of spiral concentrator, and conducted industrial application tests at the Panzhihua Xunzing Factory, and achieved satisfactory results.
The outline structure of the new GL-600 spiral concentrator is shown in Figure 2. It is mainly composed of a mining bucket, a central pipe, a spiral groove, a interceptor, a mining hopper and a frame. The ratio of the pitch to the diameter of the device is 0.63-0.73, which is higher than the ratio of the pitch to the diameter of the conventional spiral concentrator (0.4~0.6), which helps to improve the production capacity and also improves the sorting performance. The cross section of the spiral groove is a composite curve composed of a plurality of curved groove faces, the inner slope is small and the outer slope is large, and the concentrate interceptor is arranged at the second, fourth and fifth turns respectively, in the second After the concentrate concentrate interceptor intercepts the concentrate, the remaining part of the slurry passes through a relatively narrow section, so that the slurry is remixed, and part of the water at the outer edge is blocked into the inner ring, so that the heavy mineral entering the tailings area has more opportunities to enter. Go in the concentrate. In addition, the pitch of the device changes, gradually increasing from the first circle to the third circle, and the fourth circle becomes larger again, so that the slurry is in the shifting motion on the groove surface, which is beneficial to the division. band.
Sorting principle: There are mainly two kinds of motions in the slurry flow on the spiral surface, one is the tangential circulation and the other is the lateral circulation. The lateral circulation is determined by some characteristics of the tangential circulation. Because the upper layer has a fast water flow rate, the tangential flow velocity is large, and the centrifugal force is pushed to the outer edge; the lower layer has a small water flow velocity and a small centrifugal force. Under the action, it flows to the inner edge in the direction of the transverse section, thus forming a lateral circulation. The lateral circulation has a great influence on the sorting. It can push the light mineral gangue floating on the upper layer to the outer edge to become the tailings, and at the same time push the heavy mineral in the lower layer to the inner edge to become the concentrate, thus improving the sorting effect. .
From the test results of the new spiral concentrator, the equipment is not only suitable for sorting the coarse-grain grade, but also the satisfactory technical and economic indicators have been obtained for the selection of the full-grain grade. When the grade of the ore and the concentrate are similar, the improvement is made. The crude selection recovery rate is more than 8%, and it has the advantages of large processing capacity, no need to add flushing water, small floor space, simplified process, and reduced production cost. It is an ideal roughing equipment.
The GL type spiral concentrator and TGL type spiral chute developed and produced by Guangzhou Nonferrous Institute are new high-efficiency re-election equipments , which are widely used in various mines. The technical parameters are listed in Table 2, and the external dimensions are shown in Figure 3.
Features of the equipment: the shape of the sorting section is a compound cubic parabola; the pitch of each circle is changed, and the ratio of the pitch to the diameter is large; the structure of the equipment is reasonable, the processing capacity is large, and the selection index is high; the glass fiber reinforced plastic material is used for one-time integral molding and light weight. Corrosion-resistant; spiral groove surface composite wear-resistant layer, good wear resistance, long service life; no need to add water to the spiral surface, clear banding, convenient operation and low production cost.
(3) Vibrating spiral concentrator. This cloud tin mechanical Institute in 1995 and the spiral chute Berg Nolde shearing theory combining reselection successfully developed a new device, the purpose is to recover YTC low grade tin and old sand tailings use.
Working principle: The spiral chute is a kind of gravity beneficiation equipment which sorts the ore particles according to density, particle size and shape by the interaction of centrifugal force, groove friction, water flow pressure and mineral gravity. From the flow direction of the slurry in the tank, in addition to the primary circulation flowing in the longitudinal direction of the tank, there is a lateral exchange between the inner edge fluid and the outer edge fluid, which is called a secondary circulation. The secondary circulation can push the gangue light mineral suspended on the neutral surface to the outer edge and become the tailings. In the process of the slurry flowing downward along the groove, the minerals of different densities and different particle sizes gradually move on a specific orbit according to their own characteristics under the combined action of various forces. The general trend is that the gangue tends to the outer edge, and the fine and heavy minerals tend to the inner edge. When one of the ore particles receives a radial component of zero, the ore does not move toward the inner edge, nor moves to the outer edge, and only rotates around the central axis of the spiral at a certain position in the chute. It has been experimentally and observed that most of the coarse-grained medium-density ore in the ore is concentrated in the middle of the chute. Due to the large amount of ore, the coarse grain size, the thicker layer and the high concentration, a natural wall like a “wall†is formed, which surrounds the middle section of the chute and separates the inner and outer edges of the chute. The higher the concentration of the slurry, the more obvious this "wall" is. Due to the existence of the “wallâ€, the role of the secondary circulation is weakened. Therefore, to further improve the sorting efficiency of the spiral chute, reduce the lower limit of the recovery fraction and improve the processing capacity, the key is to break through the “wall†obstacle inherent in the spiral groove. The vibrating spiral concentrator is a new type of re-election equipment developed by using Bergerold's orbital shear theory to break through the inherent "wall" barrier of the fixed spiral groove.
The vibrating spiral concentrator is provided with an unbalanced weight system and a flexible suspension member. When the unbalanced weight is rotated, any mass point on the spiral groove will be approximately elliptical orbital motion accompanied by weak vertical vibration. . Within one week of the rotary motion, the flow velocity and its direction on the spiral groove surface are constantly changing, and the collision between the ore particles is carried out at a certain frequency, and energy exchange occurs during the collision, so that the ore particles are displaced perpendicular to the shear plane. Therefore, the "wall" formed by the natural bed layer is in an unstable state, so that the ore particles entering the misunderstanding have the opportunity to return to their normal running track, so as to achieve the purpose of enhanced sorting.
Equipment structure: The structure of the industrial vibrating spiral concentrator is shown in Figure 4. The main structure is to fix eight Φ900mm double-headed spiral chutes 8 to the circular vibrating platform 7 through the bracket 9. A drive unit consisting of a weight 4 and an electric motor 3 is mounted in the center of the platform, and the platform is suspended from the bracket 6 by four steel wires. When the unbalanced weight is rotated, the vibrating platform and the spiral groove generate orbital plane motion and up and down vibration.
The slurry is fed into the spiral groove by the distribution cylinder 1 through the feed pipe 2, and the product splitter is installed at the end of the spiral groove to adjust the product interception amount.
The main structural parameters of the equipment are: spiral groove outer diameter 900mm, spiral groove inner diameter 150mm, spiral groove sectional shape is cubic parabola (X=0.001y3), distance to diameter ratio 0.4, spiral circle number 4 turns, spiral head number 16 head, heavy hammer The rotating radius is 150~250mm, the weight of the weight is 5.52kg, the motor power is 0.55kW, the external dimension is Φ3800mm×2800mm, and the total weight of the equipment is 1500kg.
The industrial test of the old tailings of Tuanshan tailings reservoir was carried out in the tailings ore dressing workshop of Yunxi Datun Concentrator with Φ900-8×2 type vibrating concentrator. After 2030h equipment operation and 30 classes of ore dressing indicators, The cumulative indicators are shown in Table 3.
   Table 1  Table 2  table 3
   figure 1  figure 2  image 3  Figure 4 [next]
After the industrial test with the concentrator, the following conclusions can be obtained: 1. The combined effect of orbital motion and vibration can enhance the sorting of the spiral chute, and the recovery rate of the spiral groove of the oscillating pendulum is 5%~10%; 2 For the selection of Yunxi low-grade sand-tin ore and old tailings, the order of spiral section adaptability from good to bad is: cubic parabola, parabola, composite curve, ellipse; 3 grain size is an important factor affecting operating conditions, The coarse particle size, the ore concentration and the ore volume can be increased. When processing fine-grained materials, it is better to use low concentration and small flow rate; 4 the rotation direction of the pendulum is reversed by spiral rotation; 5 vibrating spiral concentrator has reasonable structure, reliable operation, large processing capacity, low energy consumption and recovery rate High, can discard more than 50% of tailings at a time, is an effective equipment for coarse pre-selection of Yunxi old tailings and low-grade sand-tin ore.
2. Spiral chute snail The chute is developed since 1973 for sorting fine-grained refractory minerals. It has developed rapidly due to its successful application in production practice. At present, there are common spiral chutes, rotating spiral chutes, centrifugal tower-shaped rotating spiral chutes, inverted cone spiral chutes, vibrating spiral chutes, and the like. Steel glass generally helical grooves, an inner surface coated with polyurethane abrasion resistant layer vinegar, or the groove surface of the gold coated with emery or be incorporated into an epoxy resin powder diabase. Spiral chutes are widely used for the sorting of metallic minerals.
(1) FRP spiral chute. Applicable to the sorting of fine iron ore, titanium ore, chrome ore, pyrite, tin, tantalum and niobium ore, gold, coal, monazite, rutile, zircon, rare earth ore and a sufficient density difference Other metal, non-metallic minerals. The equipment is mainly produced by Ningde City Gravity Selection Plant, Xiaolong Anticorrosion Company and Shicheng Mining Machine.
1) Ningde City Gravity Selection Plant. The structure and shape of the BLL glass steel spiral chute produced by the plant are shown in Figure 5. The main technical parameters are listed in Table 4.
At the same time, the series of equipments are described as follows: 1 The ore volume and production capacity refer to the maximum number of heads of each specification; 2 total weight refers to the maximum number of heads per model, the weight of 5 laps; 3 height (H) finger distance The diameter ratio is 0.60, 5 laps, and the 4 and 6 laps are calculated according to the ratio of the diameter to the diameter; 4 each of the single and three heads is fixed by three equals in the circumference of the three columns; each double head and four heads are four The root column is fixed in four quarters; the 5Φ600 spiral chute is a semi-industrial type and industrial type combined equipment; 6 another Φ400 spiral chute is an experimental type equipment, which has two specifications: Φ400×240 and Φ400×180 single head 7 Equipment selection principle: When selecting a coarser grade mineral with less than -200 mesh, it is better to use a spiral chute with a larger diameter and pitch, which is 60%~70% in the -200 mesh content. For fine-grain grade minerals, spiral chutes with small diameters and pitches should be used.
2) Shicheng mining machine. The plant produces glass fiber reinforced spiral chutes based on drawings and complete sets of technology provided by the North Mine Institute. The device is mainly composed of a spiral groove in which the spiral pieces are coupled. The spiral is made of fiberglass (glass fiber reinforced plastic) and joined together by bolts. The selection surface of the spiral groove has a prefabricated wear layer, which is light, strong and durable. There is a multi-tube ore homogenizer above the spiral groove, which is evenly distributed and easy to control. The miner is free to place on the cross (or tripod) of the trough bracket. The evenly distributed slurry is slowly sorted to the spiral groove surface by a feed tank installed at the head end of the spiral groove. The end of the spiral groove is equipped with a valve block type product intercepting groove, and the sorted products are divided into three or four kinds of products in the radial direction according to the grade. Use the position of the adjustment valve block to change the intercept width of each product. The product collection hopper is a concentric annular cylinder that separates and extracts the intercepted multiple ore streams.
The slope change of the cross-section curve of the spiral chute is particularly suitable for the sorting of fine particulate materials. The spiral chute has the advantages of simple structure, no moving parts, light weight, no noise, convenient installation and maintenance.
The technical parameters of the FRP spiral chute produced by the plant are listed in Table 5, and the installation dimensions are shown in Figure 6 and Table 6.
3) Xiaolong anti-corrosion company. The FRP spiral chute produced by the plant has simple structure, light weight, no power, water saving, convenient operation and maintenance, strong adaptability, fine granularity, large processing capacity and good sorting effect. The technical parameters are listed in the table. 7. 4) Longyan Metallurgical Mining Machinery Factory of Fujian Province (referred to as Long Mine). The technical parameters of the FRP spiral chute produced by the plant are listed in Table 8.
In addition, the North Mining Institute Machinery Research Institute and the Shicheng Election also produce FRP spiral chutes.
(2) BXL type glass steel rotary spiral chute. The equipment is a new type of beneficiation equipment developed by combining the characteristics of spiral chute and centrifugal concentrator. It is suitable for selecting fine-grained bismuth, antimony , tungsten, gold, titanium, iron and other minerals with sufficient density difference. .
The equipment is produced by Ningde City Gravity Selection Plant. Its structure and shape are shown in Figure 7. The main technical parameters are listed in Table 9.
(3) BTL type glass steel centrifugal tower spiral chute. The equipment is a new type of mineral processing equipment developed by Central South University of Technology, which combines the characteristics of spiral chute, sharp chute, rotary spiral chute and centrifugal concentrator, and analyzes and references the relevant foreign characteristic curves. It is especially suitable for the treatment of fine-grained minerals with sufficient density difference, effective recovery of particle size as low as 20μm, large processing capacity and easy operation.
The equipment is produced by Ningde City Gravity Selection Plant. The main technical parameters are listed in Table 10. The structure and shape are shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively.
(4) BL1500 spiral chute. The BL1500 series spiral chute was successfully developed by the North Mine Institute in 1999. It adopts a more advanced design technology for J-type multi-models, which makes the performance of this product more superior and mature, and the sorting efficiency and adaptability are obviously improved. It is suitable for ore re-election and tailings re-election of iron ore, beach sand, tungsten, tin, gold, nickel , etc. It is also suitable for de-sludge re-election of non-metallic minerals and metallurgical slag such as steel slag and sulfuric acid slag. The sorting is recycled.
The concentrator has large processing capacity and small floor space; no power is required for work; if there is a height difference, energy-free work can be realized, energy saving, simple operation and maintenance, unattended after commissioning, stable work, long service life, no need Overhaul, investment, and quick construction.
The main technical parameters are listed in Table 11.
 Table 4  table 5  Table 6  Table 7  Table 8  Table 9  Table 10  Table 11
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 Figure 5  Figure 6  Figure 7  Figures 8, 9
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