When interviewing related experts in the sulfuric acid industry recently, we learned that China’s sulfuric acid production has already ranked first in the world. The current total production capacity has reached 71 million tons/year, and the total production capacity is expected to exceed 85 million tons/year by 2015. According to demand calculations, China's sulphuric acid production capacity will exceed 10 million tons/year. Sulfuric acid is a chemical product with low added value and strong corrosiveness. There are hazards such as fire, explosion, chemical burn, poisoning and corrosion. Rapidly increasing production capacity, production, and a large amount of excess sulfuric acid increase the safety and environmental pressures in the production, storage, and transportation processes. In this regard, experts pointed out that sulfuric acid production, supply and sales are facing a security crisis and should be given enough attention by relevant parties and appropriate preventive measures should be taken.
Sulfuric acid production has certain safety risks. Zhang Longyin, Chief Engineer of Shandong Zibo Jianlong Chemical Co., Ltd. introduced that the sulfuric acid industry is prone to seven kinds of personal injury accidents such as explosion, scorching, poisoning and suffocation. As concentrated sulfuric acid has a strong burning effect on the human body, scalding injury is a frequent accident in the sulfuric acid industry, often caused by equipment or a component that has been damaged, and the operator does not take the necessary precautionary measures, still caused by conventional operations; or Due to the repair and replacement of leaking acid pipes and valves, the operation with pressure will cause improper protection.
Zhang Longyin said that in order to prevent such accidents, in addition to employees must wear necessary protective equipment in accordance with the provisions, in the equipment overhaul or piping plus blinding panels, must be set at the electrical switch of the mechanical equipment such as acid pump safety Signs to prevent misuse.
After the sulphuric acid system was stopped, the tower was filled with sulphur dioxide. If you do not perform air replacement, you will enter the operation and a poisonous asphyxiation accident will occur. For example, in a sulfuric acid enterprise, after the system is shut down, the drying acid circulates for a long time, a large amount of sulfur dioxide gas enters the gas eliminator on the electric demister, and no air replacement is performed. The operator enters the electric defogger flushing, and the inlet hole is at the top. Caused a charge of defogger flushing and rescue personnel poisoning asphyxiation accident. Zhang Longyin reminds sulfuric acid companies to prevent air accidents in such accidents. It is recommended that the air-gathering box be opened in the side from the operating platform to a height of 800 to 1000 mm, so that even if the electric defogger has accumulated in the air box The sulfur dioxide gas, the operator exit is also very convenient.
During the overhaul of the sulphuric acid plant, the residual concentrated sulphuric acid in the plant absorbs the water in the air and dilutes it, which in turn corrodes the steel and gives off hydrogen, which can cause an explosion when the hydrogen concentration reaches the explosion limit. Professor Wang Guangliang of the Safety Engineering Research Institute of China Petrochemical Corporation stressed that when companies are maintaining sulphuric acid storage tanks and pipelines, they must pay special attention to full replacement, analyze the hydrogen content in the storage tanks and take appropriate safety measures to avoid the fire caused by the maintenance of the fire. Explosion accident. At the same time, we must also pay attention to preventing the leakage of sulfuric acid from the corrosion of equipment or pipes, or other failures, and the explosion or ignition of calcium carbide and metal powder.
It is understood that in addition to the frequent occurrence of accidents in the production process, accidents that occur during the transportation of sulfuric acid are also commonplace. For example, in recent days, a sulfuric acid vehicle in Baiyin, Gansu Province was hung at the end of the train at a station, and the wind was tested before driving. Sulfuric acid splashed from the lid of the tank and burned the station attendant. On February 11, 2008, two accidental overturned sulphuric acid vehicles were reported in Yunnan Province, resulting in personal injury and leakage of sulfuric acid. The leakage of sulfuric acid polluted the surrounding environment and threatened local people's domestic water security.
According to the investigation, two sulphuric acid transport vehicle accidents occurred in Yunnan Province, and the sulphuric acid sales company was the same as Dianzhou Yuexian Yuejin Chemical Co., Ltd., and the company did not strictly implement the relevant regulations that the state forbids the overloading of dangerous chemicals and did not seriously check it. The number of nuclear vehicles carried by the carrier vehicle was heavily overloaded by the carrier vehicle, which directly led to the accident.
According to Wang Gong, a senior engineer in charge of transportation at Baiyin Nonferrous Metals Group, sulfuric acid transport accidents are also related to factors such as personnel, vehicles, and management. Among them, the safety and technical condition of the vehicles carrying sulfuric acid is an important factor that causes accidents. Railroad tankers are prone to thinning of the wall thickness of the tanker due to corrosion, or difficult to detect cracks in the tanker due to collision or the like, or leaks due to failure of safety accessories. In addition, loading and unloading links are an important part of preventing sulphuric acid transport accidents. When loading sulphuric acid tank cars, the shipper should set an appropriate space for expansion according to the proportion of sulphuric acid, the weight and volume of the tanker, and the change law of sulphuric acid and temperature. After loading and unloading sulfuric acid, the valve cover should be well and the bolts must be tightened, especially fuming sulphuric acid. The volatility is strong and the inlet bonnet of the tank body should be sealed.
Due to excess capacity, a large number of sulfuric acid products face the problem of storage and transportation over longer distances. Gui Qi, director of the China Sulfuric Acid Industry Association, pointed out that sulfuric acid is not easy to store and is not suitable for long-distance transportation. She pointed out that at present, China's sulphuric acid production capacity has been surplus, and it is very important to control the development of production capacity It is not advisable to build new installations in regions with excess production capacity of sulphur and pyrite-based sulphuric acid production, especially in eastern China. Sulfide-reducing sulphuric acid plants below 200,000 tons/year should be eliminated in areas where environmental protection is strictly controlled along rivers, rivers, lakes and seas.
Sulfuric acid production has certain safety risks. Zhang Longyin, Chief Engineer of Shandong Zibo Jianlong Chemical Co., Ltd. introduced that the sulfuric acid industry is prone to seven kinds of personal injury accidents such as explosion, scorching, poisoning and suffocation. As concentrated sulfuric acid has a strong burning effect on the human body, scalding injury is a frequent accident in the sulfuric acid industry, often caused by equipment or a component that has been damaged, and the operator does not take the necessary precautionary measures, still caused by conventional operations; or Due to the repair and replacement of leaking acid pipes and valves, the operation with pressure will cause improper protection.
Zhang Longyin said that in order to prevent such accidents, in addition to employees must wear necessary protective equipment in accordance with the provisions, in the equipment overhaul or piping plus blinding panels, must be set at the electrical switch of the mechanical equipment such as acid pump safety Signs to prevent misuse.
After the sulphuric acid system was stopped, the tower was filled with sulphur dioxide. If you do not perform air replacement, you will enter the operation and a poisonous asphyxiation accident will occur. For example, in a sulfuric acid enterprise, after the system is shut down, the drying acid circulates for a long time, a large amount of sulfur dioxide gas enters the gas eliminator on the electric demister, and no air replacement is performed. The operator enters the electric defogger flushing, and the inlet hole is at the top. Caused a charge of defogger flushing and rescue personnel poisoning asphyxiation accident. Zhang Longyin reminds sulfuric acid companies to prevent air accidents in such accidents. It is recommended that the air-gathering box be opened in the side from the operating platform to a height of 800 to 1000 mm, so that even if the electric defogger has accumulated in the air box The sulfur dioxide gas, the operator exit is also very convenient.
During the overhaul of the sulphuric acid plant, the residual concentrated sulphuric acid in the plant absorbs the water in the air and dilutes it, which in turn corrodes the steel and gives off hydrogen, which can cause an explosion when the hydrogen concentration reaches the explosion limit. Professor Wang Guangliang of the Safety Engineering Research Institute of China Petrochemical Corporation stressed that when companies are maintaining sulphuric acid storage tanks and pipelines, they must pay special attention to full replacement, analyze the hydrogen content in the storage tanks and take appropriate safety measures to avoid the fire caused by the maintenance of the fire. Explosion accident. At the same time, we must also pay attention to preventing the leakage of sulfuric acid from the corrosion of equipment or pipes, or other failures, and the explosion or ignition of calcium carbide and metal powder.
It is understood that in addition to the frequent occurrence of accidents in the production process, accidents that occur during the transportation of sulfuric acid are also commonplace. For example, in recent days, a sulfuric acid vehicle in Baiyin, Gansu Province was hung at the end of the train at a station, and the wind was tested before driving. Sulfuric acid splashed from the lid of the tank and burned the station attendant. On February 11, 2008, two accidental overturned sulphuric acid vehicles were reported in Yunnan Province, resulting in personal injury and leakage of sulfuric acid. The leakage of sulfuric acid polluted the surrounding environment and threatened local people's domestic water security.
According to the investigation, two sulphuric acid transport vehicle accidents occurred in Yunnan Province, and the sulphuric acid sales company was the same as Dianzhou Yuexian Yuejin Chemical Co., Ltd., and the company did not strictly implement the relevant regulations that the state forbids the overloading of dangerous chemicals and did not seriously check it. The number of nuclear vehicles carried by the carrier vehicle was heavily overloaded by the carrier vehicle, which directly led to the accident.
According to Wang Gong, a senior engineer in charge of transportation at Baiyin Nonferrous Metals Group, sulfuric acid transport accidents are also related to factors such as personnel, vehicles, and management. Among them, the safety and technical condition of the vehicles carrying sulfuric acid is an important factor that causes accidents. Railroad tankers are prone to thinning of the wall thickness of the tanker due to corrosion, or difficult to detect cracks in the tanker due to collision or the like, or leaks due to failure of safety accessories. In addition, loading and unloading links are an important part of preventing sulphuric acid transport accidents. When loading sulphuric acid tank cars, the shipper should set an appropriate space for expansion according to the proportion of sulphuric acid, the weight and volume of the tanker, and the change law of sulphuric acid and temperature. After loading and unloading sulfuric acid, the valve cover should be well and the bolts must be tightened, especially fuming sulphuric acid. The volatility is strong and the inlet bonnet of the tank body should be sealed.
Due to excess capacity, a large number of sulfuric acid products face the problem of storage and transportation over longer distances. Gui Qi, director of the China Sulfuric Acid Industry Association, pointed out that sulfuric acid is not easy to store and is not suitable for long-distance transportation. She pointed out that at present, China's sulphuric acid production capacity has been surplus, and it is very important to control the development of production capacity It is not advisable to build new installations in regions with excess production capacity of sulphur and pyrite-based sulphuric acid production, especially in eastern China. Sulfide-reducing sulphuric acid plants below 200,000 tons/year should be eliminated in areas where environmental protection is strictly controlled along rivers, rivers, lakes and seas.
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