It is interesting to see a forum debate during the 2016 summer Davos summit where the discussion, "Crazy big idea of ​​investing", focuses on whether companies can be the subject of current technology research and development. Attendees Zhang Yaqin, a government-run, academic institution and business community working for a long time, said: "I think enterprise-led research and development will surely promote scientific progress." Zhang Yaqin cites the former Microsoft Research Asia and the current Baidu, Will invest huge sums of money into research and development. "I joined Baidu last year and about 16% of the funds went into R & D last year," Zhang said.
Shortly before Zhang Yaqin's remarks, an interview with Caijing magazine about Robin Li went out onto the street. During the interview, Robin Li talked about some of the problems recently encountered by Baidu and showed the world the plans for Baidu's transformation, such as artificial intelligence and driverlessness. If we combine this Davos summit's theme "The Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Power of Transformation," we can see from this series of statements that in the face of the Fourth Industrial Revolution how to transform the company into a social and economic transition and how to make the company's The incorporation of technological innovation into the national economic innovation system has become the key issue for consideration by governments and major corporations in the present.
New Industrial Revolution brings challenges
The fourth industrial revolution, also known as "Industry 4.0" is a development concept proposed by the German government. The fourth industrial revolution emphasized the disruptive effects of big data, intelligence (the factory) and the Internet of Things (IARs), as opposed to the tremendous impetus that machinery, electrical and information technologies have had in the previous three industrial revolutions. In a sense, the fourth industrial revolution is a new path for manufacturing industries to make leaps and bounds with big data and the Internet of Things. The concept is also reflected in the current plan of China's industrial manufacturing 2025 and the "Internet Plus." At the moment of the new normalcy of the Chinese economy, there are many challenges before the advent of the new industrial revolution.
Demographic Dividend Disappears: Since 2008, the demographic dividend in China has gradually disappeared, and the manpower cost has been rising year by year, which has become one of the ultimate costs of the business operation burden.
Industrial upgrading pressure: Among Chinese manufacturing enterprises, a large number of enterprises get together in the low-end industrial chain, and have to reconsider how to transform and upgrade in the face of the huge increase in labor costs. On the other hand, traditional energy companies are also in a series of macroscopic Regulation and control of international trade and environmental changes under the influence of falling into the myth of industrial upgrading.
Urbanization and Employment: As a large number of low-end industries (enterprises) are eliminated in the process of urbanization, the employment problems of migrant workers entering the cities are highlighted. On the other hand, over-exploitation of real estate caused by urbanization and the vacancy of real estate or even the emergence of "ghost town "...
The above challenges are not unique to China, but are inevitable products after the first three industrial revolutions have reached a certain stage. As Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, said: "We are still not sure how the technological breakthroughs affect the world. However, we can be sure that this revolution will profoundly affect every country and every industry. Although China, as a developing country, faces more severe challenges than developed countries in Europe and the United States, one reality can not be ignored: China has entered the "fourth race of the industrial revolution" almost simultaneously with the countries in Europe and the United States.
The New Industrial Revolution Layout in China and the United States
The reason why China and the United States are put together is because China and the United States are the two largest economies in the world at present. The economic forms of the two countries share much in common to a certain extent. For example, the promotion of traditional industries after the strong rise of the Internet economy and the new generation of industries brought about by the entrepreneurial boom in Silicon Valley (Zhongguancun) and so on make it very significant to observe the similarities and differences between China and the United States in coping with the new technological revolution.
1. Collaborative innovation
The rise and development of the Internet in the United States are not accidental. Instead, they were able to benefit from the investment and support provided by the U.S. government, especially the military, in computers and the Internet in the 60 years of the last century, making the entire industry rapidly becoming bigger and stronger. Among them, the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) great success, the agency responsible for allocating funds to businesses, academic institutions, DARPA created a state and enterprise collaborative innovation of the new mechanism, which also spawned a key technology in the Internet age , Such as the Internet, semiconductors, GPS, personal computer operating system Unix, drones, and DARPA are inextricably linked, and now, DARPA is deploying artificial intelligence research.
In March this year, China set up the Commission of Science and Technology of the Central Military Commission and was widely read by the outside world as a major layout for the preparation of the Chinese version of DARPA. Artificial intelligence has become an important issue for research.
On the other hand, enterprises "nurture" the technologies developed by themselves and the positive effects that can be tested by the market to the state, which can effectively reduce the government innovation cost and enhance the government operational efficiency. For example, Amazon and the United States government jointly develop government cloud, build a government on the cloud.
As early as last year's two sessions in China, Li Yanhong, a member of the CPPCC National Committee, proposed to launch the "China's Brain" project - a study of artificial intelligence at the national level. Within Baidu, the mini-version of "China Brain" has been widely used in multiple product lines. By integrating technologies such as deep learning algorithms, data modeling and large-scale GPU parallelization platforms, it has 20 billion The deep neural network of parameters can play a role in many fields such as government, manufacturing, finance, retail and education. This will also show us the great potential of the "Chinese brain" in the future.
2. Open innovation
In the new era of big data, artificial intelligence and cloud computing, only open innovation can quickly achieve technological breakthroughs and business model upgrades. In 2015, Silicon Valley giants set off a round of open-source boom around machine learning, AI hardware and software:
Google open source a machine learning platform called TensorFlow;
The Facebook Artificial Intelligence Institute (FAIR) introduced a set of open source deep learning tools based on the Torch machine learning framework. In December, Facebook announced the open-source "Big Sur" server for neural network research;
In November 2015, Microsoft Asia Research Institute opened the Distributed Machine Learning Toolkit (DMTK) with Github;
In China, in May 2015, Baidu opened source its deep machine learning platform components on Github. Open source technology, the implementation of open innovation, on the one hand can speed up the technology, enhance the end user experience. On the other hand, as a giant enterprise, opening up the infrastructure for technological innovation and social innovation through open source technologies and lowering the threshold for technological entrepreneurship will also attract more and more entrepreneurs to join the wave of technological innovation and thus promote innovation in social entrepreneurship as a whole The technical content.
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