The first small belt-driven tractor in China (commonly known as the "small four-wheel") was launched in Shandong in the 1960s, and mass production was put on the market in the 1970s. In the 1980s, with the reform of the rural system, the small four-wheel tractors with unpredictable market prospects were producing and selling well. The market demand grew rapidly, and many enterprises of different scales followed suit. Especially in the middle and late 1980s, small four-wheel tractors saved a considerable number of domestic agricultural machinery companies, and laid a solid foundation for the development of the tractors in the 1990s. In 1999, the belt-driven small four-wheel tractor broke through an annual output of 1 million units for the first time, and its production area was mainly concentrated in Shandong and Henan provinces. After entering the 21st century, due to the fact that this small four-wheel tractor has basically no improvement in product performance and the policy does not support it, the market share has continued to shrink, showing a downward trend.
It has been more than 40 years since the development and development of the traditional small four-wheel tractor. Because it is simple in operation, mature in technology, low in price, low in transportation cost, and it has the advantages of supporting a variety of agricultural machinery, it can meet the reality in rural China. The situation, through constant adjustment, has formed a very important process in the history of tractor development in our country, and has also played its due contribution for the construction of China's “agriculture, rural areas and farmersâ€. It has been well received and welcomed by the majority of farmers. The small four-wheel tractor has become a well-used and well-used agricultural machinery for the farmer's income increase and agricultural production development by virtue of its good cost performance and adaptability to a variety of different operations. The development of small four-wheel tractors has experienced many industrial restructurings and has been accelerating the pace of development. From the original single-product 12-horsepower, it has gradually developed into a series of products ranging from 15 hp to 25 hp, and even some production companies have improved to 32 horsepower.
It is worth noting that the quality of the small four-wheel tractor market is not stable. During the peak period of the 1980s, the qualified rate of product quality was relatively high. After the 1990s, the annual national product quality inspection pass rate was relatively low. One year's pass rate is less than 15%, and a large number of unqualified products inflow into the market have brought about greater risks to personal safety, energy consumption and emissions. At the beginning, the state did not have a clear access system for the production of small four-wheel tractors. Many small workshop-style small enterprises in China quickly expanded, seeking illegal profits under profit-driven conditions, cutting corners and reducing safety to reduce product costs, and engaging in unfair market competition. It not only harms the interests of the majority of farmers, but also disrupts the production order of the domestic tractor industry, making the quality of small four-wheel tractor products worse and worse. After 2000, the reliability, service life, economy, and function of this small four-wheel tractor are not as good as it was in the past, especially in terms of braking performance, safety protection, exhaust smoke, noise, maximum engine power, and tractor traction. Performance and hydraulic lifting systems are obviously deviated from the national standards. The average time between failures is only 50% of the same power products at home and abroad. In fact, the safety incidents caused by these inferior products have been on the rise and have caused serious threats to the lives and property of the people. The continued development of such quality tractors is worrying.
Since May 2008, the country has begun mandatory certification for single-cylinder diesel engines and wheeled tractors with power no more than 25 hp. Through the implementation of the mandatory 3C certification requirements of the country, more production companies are greatly improved in the level of production management, product structure, safety performance, quality control and sales services, and have also laid a foundation for the safety and quality assurance of small four-wheel tractors. A solid foundation. In spite of this, due to the fierce competition in the small tractor market in recent years is no less than the large and medium-sized tractor market, while the price level has declined year after year, making the company's production and technological transformation investment increase less, and the investment in improving the small four-wheel tractor products is even more Very little has led to the backwardness of product technology and the aging of production equipment. No matter whether it is quality, performance, or grade, there is no improvement. At the same time, we should also see that traditional belt-driven small four-wheel tractors have strong adaptability in many regions of China and are more suitable for the needs of farmers. They have low prices and great effects, and are particularly suitable for low purchasing power markets in rural areas. Judging from the national conditions of our country, the area still dominated by small tractors still occupies the majority. With the development of agricultural machinery and equipment, the demand for small tractors in the market is still very large.
With the continuous improvement and implementation of China's tractor scrap system, belt-driven small four-wheel products will be greatly affected. Although users have benefited from the development of small four-wheel tractors, it is still unacceptable for users to retire small, four-wheeled tractors with high energy consumption and low efficiency, which is difficult to implement. In view of the fact that this product is not technologically advanced, the state's subsidy policy for agricultural machinery products, which was introduced in 2004, clearly stipulates that belt-driven small four-wheel tractors must not be declared as a national agricultural machinery support promotion catalogue and cannot enjoy subsidies. This is for small four-wheel tractors. Development and survival constitute a deadly threat.
At present, there are no belt drives for this product in the power section, and only direct-drive tractors. Its design and manufacturing level is also relatively high, and it is widely used in gardening and agriculture. As the small four-wheel tractors have distinctive features, they still have a large market in terms of agricultural production, small-area operations, rural families, garden operations and transportation. From the strategic point of view, artificially forced elimination is unrealistic. Although the gearbox developed from sixth gear to eighth gear, it was not possible to fundamentally overcome the shortcomings of the small four-wheel tractor. Although the technology of this small four-wheel tractor is relatively low-end, although it does not enjoy the state's subsidy policy, there are still quite a few peasant users who have approved small four-wheel tractors. The country imposes mandatory 3C certification management on such products and puts forward stricter requirements on such products. In previous years, although many manufacturers produced direct-attached small tractors below 25 horsepower, they all used multi-cylinder diesel engines as the supporting power. Despite their good performance and full functionality, their sales prices were significantly higher than those of belt-driven small four-wheel tractors. In the past few years, there has not been a small-sized tractor with the same price that can replace the belt-driven small four-wheel tractor, especially in terms of price and basic functions, and it is not as good as a small four-wheel tractor. In the 1980s, Luoyang Tractor Research Institute designed the TY15/18 series two-cylinder tractor to replace the small four-wheel tractor. However, due to its large production investment and relatively high product prices, only the Yancheng Tractor Factory had mass production, but it failed to play a significant role in replacing the belt-driven small four-wheel tractor. In 2007, the State initiated the research and development of economy-oriented agriculture and forestry power machinery research under the support project of science and technology, and the research and development sub-project of engines for energy-saving small tractors participated by Jiangsu Changfa Group, which is aimed at high energy consumption and noise of small diesel engines in China. Large, serious pollution and problems of low transmission efficiency and backward technology of small belt-driven tractors. Study of low-cost, energy-saving and highly efficient direct-coupled single-cylinder diesel engines and their series of small tractor-specific drive trains, complete machine performance and unit Matching technology, modular design technology, integrated development of 13.2 kW ~ 20.6kW (18 horsepower ~ 28 horsepower) series of small diesel Chaimai this single-cylinder direct-connected tractor, after the state subsidies to pay the basic cost and purchase belt drive small four oil Machines and tractors have now completed project acceptance and achieved demonstration of industrialization. Direct-drive single-cylinder small tractor products have greatly improved in terms of technology, quality, technology, and manufacturing level, which can accelerate the upgrading of products. At present, single-cylinder direct-drive tractors have been listed in the National Agricultural Machinery Support and Promotion Catalog and enjoy the purchase subsidy policy. This kind of single-cylinder direct tractor not only increases the user's choice, but also enables farmers to purchase tractors at the same price as the tractors. At the same time, the fuel consumption and function are obviously better than that of the small four-wheel tractors. These advantages are obviously beneficial to the promotion of single-cylinder direct tractors among users and ensure energy conservation and emission reduction. If there is no new model with the same price, it is unrealistic to restrict a certain product. Because of this model, the market is able to make the belt drive with poor safety performance, low efficiency and high energy consumption. Wheel tractor products are limited, eliminated and replaced. In the next few years, there will still be a considerable number of low-end product users who are not willing to purchase high-price compact tractors or medium-sized tractors powered by multi-cylinder diesel engines.
At present, the vertical diesel engine equipped with a single cylinder direct tractor in China has significantly better vibration performance than a horizontal diesel engine. Because the industry is not optimistic about the prospects of horizontal diesel engines, its enthusiasm for technological improvement is not high, and investment is not enough. The structure of the vertical direct-coupled single-cylinder diesel engine has been improved, and energy-saving measures have been applied to vertical diesel engines. As a result, the fuel consumption of the product is low, and the emissions and noise meet the requirements of the current national mandatory standards. In addition, the single-cylinder direct-drive tractor directly connects the engine with the transmission, resulting in a higher transmission efficiency than the belt-driven tractor. The tractor's fuel consumption, traction efficiency, braking, noise, vibration, smoke, forced water cooling The way and work performance are also significantly better than belt-driven tractors. From the current "General Technical Specifications for Single-cylinder Direct Drive Wheeled Tractors" (under 30 horsepower) that has been submitted for approval by the National Tractor Standards Committee, it can be seen that the single-cylinder direct-coupled tractors consume more fuel than the same-power multi-cylinder wheeled tractors. The power output shaft consumes 5% less fuel than the belt-driven tractor. Judging from the actual testing data of 3C certification and ministerial promotion and appraisal, the indicators are far better than the current standards, especially the unit fuel consumption rate is generally low 15-50g/kW. h. The state has restricted or discouraged the production of belt-driven tractors for many years. Why did the belt-driven small four-wheel tractors “stand without dying†for so many years and still had a certain sales market? It is because there is no alternative product with reasonable price and functional requirements. Now that there is a single-cylinder direct tractor, basic conditions have been created for the elimination of small four-wheel tractors that consume large amounts of energy. In this respect, it is just like our country’s energy measures to encourage residents to use energy-saving lamps. When it comes to subsidies for the purchase of energy-saving lamps, the country needs only one-third of the cost of energy-saving lamps to buy energy-saving lamps. There is no obvious choice for residents to use incandescent and energy-saving lamps. There is no major economic difference between using incandescent lamps or energy-saving lamps. However, for the country, there is a considerable disparity in energy consumption between the two countries. As households use incandescent lamps, the average family can afford it, but for the country, it is necessary to calculate the savings account.
It is precisely because the direct-drive small tractor is more efficient than the belt-driven small four-wheel tractor in terms of efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection. It is the development direction of the tractor industry. With the improvement of the farmers' needs and the adjustment of the national industrial policy, the direct-drive compact tractor It is bound to replace the belt-driven small four-wheel tractor. This is the development direction of product replacement for a period of time in the future. Especially in the near future, the single-cylinder direct-coupled small tractors are more in line with this development trend, mainly due to the limited purchasing power in rural areas. Although farmers need large and medium-sized tractors, due to the family's economic ability or the scale of farmland operations, these small, inexpensive tractors can be purchased at the moment, or they are suitable for farmers' own tractors. In the next few years, the small tractor industry will still maintain a considerable level of demand. Based on this, it will change product performance, develop orchard management machines, paddy field management machines, and other models; increase agricultural construction machinery functions to form a load , Excavation, lifting, pushing soil and other series of products, improve product applicability, expand the scope of use, to meet the user village construction, farmland water conservancy construction and other needs. Moreover, there are policy factors such as the agricultural production environment that also provide relatively broad prospects for small tractors. As a peasant user in some areas of our country, his purchasing power is indeed limited. Their economic conditions are relatively poor. This part of the population really needs to be subsidized, and they can best reflect the country's beneficial agricultural policy effect. . Let the majority of low-income farmers feel the benefits of the country's beneficial agricultural policies, and continue to encourage users to buy new models. The state needs to carry out analysis and research that is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction and industry development in terms of small tractor industrial policies, social environment, market situation, technological progress, remanufacturing, and domestic and foreign user needs. With the implementation of the State Council's Opinions on Promoting Agricultural Mechanization and Sound and Rapid Development of the Agricultural Machinery Industry, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Development Plan of the Agricultural Machinery Industry (2011-2015), and the Agricultural Machinery Industry Development Policy, China's small wheeled tractor industry must It will develop in a healthy and upward direction.
It has been more than 40 years since the development and development of the traditional small four-wheel tractor. Because it is simple in operation, mature in technology, low in price, low in transportation cost, and it has the advantages of supporting a variety of agricultural machinery, it can meet the reality in rural China. The situation, through constant adjustment, has formed a very important process in the history of tractor development in our country, and has also played its due contribution for the construction of China's “agriculture, rural areas and farmersâ€. It has been well received and welcomed by the majority of farmers. The small four-wheel tractor has become a well-used and well-used agricultural machinery for the farmer's income increase and agricultural production development by virtue of its good cost performance and adaptability to a variety of different operations. The development of small four-wheel tractors has experienced many industrial restructurings and has been accelerating the pace of development. From the original single-product 12-horsepower, it has gradually developed into a series of products ranging from 15 hp to 25 hp, and even some production companies have improved to 32 horsepower.
It is worth noting that the quality of the small four-wheel tractor market is not stable. During the peak period of the 1980s, the qualified rate of product quality was relatively high. After the 1990s, the annual national product quality inspection pass rate was relatively low. One year's pass rate is less than 15%, and a large number of unqualified products inflow into the market have brought about greater risks to personal safety, energy consumption and emissions. At the beginning, the state did not have a clear access system for the production of small four-wheel tractors. Many small workshop-style small enterprises in China quickly expanded, seeking illegal profits under profit-driven conditions, cutting corners and reducing safety to reduce product costs, and engaging in unfair market competition. It not only harms the interests of the majority of farmers, but also disrupts the production order of the domestic tractor industry, making the quality of small four-wheel tractor products worse and worse. After 2000, the reliability, service life, economy, and function of this small four-wheel tractor are not as good as it was in the past, especially in terms of braking performance, safety protection, exhaust smoke, noise, maximum engine power, and tractor traction. Performance and hydraulic lifting systems are obviously deviated from the national standards. The average time between failures is only 50% of the same power products at home and abroad. In fact, the safety incidents caused by these inferior products have been on the rise and have caused serious threats to the lives and property of the people. The continued development of such quality tractors is worrying.
Since May 2008, the country has begun mandatory certification for single-cylinder diesel engines and wheeled tractors with power no more than 25 hp. Through the implementation of the mandatory 3C certification requirements of the country, more production companies are greatly improved in the level of production management, product structure, safety performance, quality control and sales services, and have also laid a foundation for the safety and quality assurance of small four-wheel tractors. A solid foundation. In spite of this, due to the fierce competition in the small tractor market in recent years is no less than the large and medium-sized tractor market, while the price level has declined year after year, making the company's production and technological transformation investment increase less, and the investment in improving the small four-wheel tractor products is even more Very little has led to the backwardness of product technology and the aging of production equipment. No matter whether it is quality, performance, or grade, there is no improvement. At the same time, we should also see that traditional belt-driven small four-wheel tractors have strong adaptability in many regions of China and are more suitable for the needs of farmers. They have low prices and great effects, and are particularly suitable for low purchasing power markets in rural areas. Judging from the national conditions of our country, the area still dominated by small tractors still occupies the majority. With the development of agricultural machinery and equipment, the demand for small tractors in the market is still very large.
With the continuous improvement and implementation of China's tractor scrap system, belt-driven small four-wheel products will be greatly affected. Although users have benefited from the development of small four-wheel tractors, it is still unacceptable for users to retire small, four-wheeled tractors with high energy consumption and low efficiency, which is difficult to implement. In view of the fact that this product is not technologically advanced, the state's subsidy policy for agricultural machinery products, which was introduced in 2004, clearly stipulates that belt-driven small four-wheel tractors must not be declared as a national agricultural machinery support promotion catalogue and cannot enjoy subsidies. This is for small four-wheel tractors. Development and survival constitute a deadly threat.
At present, there are no belt drives for this product in the power section, and only direct-drive tractors. Its design and manufacturing level is also relatively high, and it is widely used in gardening and agriculture. As the small four-wheel tractors have distinctive features, they still have a large market in terms of agricultural production, small-area operations, rural families, garden operations and transportation. From the strategic point of view, artificially forced elimination is unrealistic. Although the gearbox developed from sixth gear to eighth gear, it was not possible to fundamentally overcome the shortcomings of the small four-wheel tractor. Although the technology of this small four-wheel tractor is relatively low-end, although it does not enjoy the state's subsidy policy, there are still quite a few peasant users who have approved small four-wheel tractors. The country imposes mandatory 3C certification management on such products and puts forward stricter requirements on such products. In previous years, although many manufacturers produced direct-attached small tractors below 25 horsepower, they all used multi-cylinder diesel engines as the supporting power. Despite their good performance and full functionality, their sales prices were significantly higher than those of belt-driven small four-wheel tractors. In the past few years, there has not been a small-sized tractor with the same price that can replace the belt-driven small four-wheel tractor, especially in terms of price and basic functions, and it is not as good as a small four-wheel tractor. In the 1980s, Luoyang Tractor Research Institute designed the TY15/18 series two-cylinder tractor to replace the small four-wheel tractor. However, due to its large production investment and relatively high product prices, only the Yancheng Tractor Factory had mass production, but it failed to play a significant role in replacing the belt-driven small four-wheel tractor. In 2007, the State initiated the research and development of economy-oriented agriculture and forestry power machinery research under the support project of science and technology, and the research and development sub-project of engines for energy-saving small tractors participated by Jiangsu Changfa Group, which is aimed at high energy consumption and noise of small diesel engines in China. Large, serious pollution and problems of low transmission efficiency and backward technology of small belt-driven tractors. Study of low-cost, energy-saving and highly efficient direct-coupled single-cylinder diesel engines and their series of small tractor-specific drive trains, complete machine performance and unit Matching technology, modular design technology, integrated development of 13.2 kW ~ 20.6kW (18 horsepower ~ 28 horsepower) series of small diesel Chaimai this single-cylinder direct-connected tractor, after the state subsidies to pay the basic cost and purchase belt drive small four oil Machines and tractors have now completed project acceptance and achieved demonstration of industrialization. Direct-drive single-cylinder small tractor products have greatly improved in terms of technology, quality, technology, and manufacturing level, which can accelerate the upgrading of products. At present, single-cylinder direct-drive tractors have been listed in the National Agricultural Machinery Support and Promotion Catalog and enjoy the purchase subsidy policy. This kind of single-cylinder direct tractor not only increases the user's choice, but also enables farmers to purchase tractors at the same price as the tractors. At the same time, the fuel consumption and function are obviously better than that of the small four-wheel tractors. These advantages are obviously beneficial to the promotion of single-cylinder direct tractors among users and ensure energy conservation and emission reduction. If there is no new model with the same price, it is unrealistic to restrict a certain product. Because of this model, the market is able to make the belt drive with poor safety performance, low efficiency and high energy consumption. Wheel tractor products are limited, eliminated and replaced. In the next few years, there will still be a considerable number of low-end product users who are not willing to purchase high-price compact tractors or medium-sized tractors powered by multi-cylinder diesel engines.
At present, the vertical diesel engine equipped with a single cylinder direct tractor in China has significantly better vibration performance than a horizontal diesel engine. Because the industry is not optimistic about the prospects of horizontal diesel engines, its enthusiasm for technological improvement is not high, and investment is not enough. The structure of the vertical direct-coupled single-cylinder diesel engine has been improved, and energy-saving measures have been applied to vertical diesel engines. As a result, the fuel consumption of the product is low, and the emissions and noise meet the requirements of the current national mandatory standards. In addition, the single-cylinder direct-drive tractor directly connects the engine with the transmission, resulting in a higher transmission efficiency than the belt-driven tractor. The tractor's fuel consumption, traction efficiency, braking, noise, vibration, smoke, forced water cooling The way and work performance are also significantly better than belt-driven tractors. From the current "General Technical Specifications for Single-cylinder Direct Drive Wheeled Tractors" (under 30 horsepower) that has been submitted for approval by the National Tractor Standards Committee, it can be seen that the single-cylinder direct-coupled tractors consume more fuel than the same-power multi-cylinder wheeled tractors. The power output shaft consumes 5% less fuel than the belt-driven tractor. Judging from the actual testing data of 3C certification and ministerial promotion and appraisal, the indicators are far better than the current standards, especially the unit fuel consumption rate is generally low 15-50g/kW. h. The state has restricted or discouraged the production of belt-driven tractors for many years. Why did the belt-driven small four-wheel tractors “stand without dying†for so many years and still had a certain sales market? It is because there is no alternative product with reasonable price and functional requirements. Now that there is a single-cylinder direct tractor, basic conditions have been created for the elimination of small four-wheel tractors that consume large amounts of energy. In this respect, it is just like our country’s energy measures to encourage residents to use energy-saving lamps. When it comes to subsidies for the purchase of energy-saving lamps, the country needs only one-third of the cost of energy-saving lamps to buy energy-saving lamps. There is no obvious choice for residents to use incandescent and energy-saving lamps. There is no major economic difference between using incandescent lamps or energy-saving lamps. However, for the country, there is a considerable disparity in energy consumption between the two countries. As households use incandescent lamps, the average family can afford it, but for the country, it is necessary to calculate the savings account.
It is precisely because the direct-drive small tractor is more efficient than the belt-driven small four-wheel tractor in terms of efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection. It is the development direction of the tractor industry. With the improvement of the farmers' needs and the adjustment of the national industrial policy, the direct-drive compact tractor It is bound to replace the belt-driven small four-wheel tractor. This is the development direction of product replacement for a period of time in the future. Especially in the near future, the single-cylinder direct-coupled small tractors are more in line with this development trend, mainly due to the limited purchasing power in rural areas. Although farmers need large and medium-sized tractors, due to the family's economic ability or the scale of farmland operations, these small, inexpensive tractors can be purchased at the moment, or they are suitable for farmers' own tractors. In the next few years, the small tractor industry will still maintain a considerable level of demand. Based on this, it will change product performance, develop orchard management machines, paddy field management machines, and other models; increase agricultural construction machinery functions to form a load , Excavation, lifting, pushing soil and other series of products, improve product applicability, expand the scope of use, to meet the user village construction, farmland water conservancy construction and other needs. Moreover, there are policy factors such as the agricultural production environment that also provide relatively broad prospects for small tractors. As a peasant user in some areas of our country, his purchasing power is indeed limited. Their economic conditions are relatively poor. This part of the population really needs to be subsidized, and they can best reflect the country's beneficial agricultural policy effect. . Let the majority of low-income farmers feel the benefits of the country's beneficial agricultural policies, and continue to encourage users to buy new models. The state needs to carry out analysis and research that is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction and industry development in terms of small tractor industrial policies, social environment, market situation, technological progress, remanufacturing, and domestic and foreign user needs. With the implementation of the State Council's Opinions on Promoting Agricultural Mechanization and Sound and Rapid Development of the Agricultural Machinery Industry, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Development Plan of the Agricultural Machinery Industry (2011-2015), and the Agricultural Machinery Industry Development Policy, China's small wheeled tractor industry must It will develop in a healthy and upward direction.
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