First, the trend
(I) Insect pests
1. Corn borer: The second generation occurred in Liaoning, West Jilin, and Inner Mongolia (Grade 4), and Hebei, Tianjin, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, etc. occurred in the middle (Level 3) in most of North China and northwest, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and other Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Southwestern and other places are light (Grade 2); three generations are heavy (Grade 4) in Henan, Huanghuai other are moderate (Grade 3), and JAC, northwest and southwest are light (Level 2) occurs. The second generation and third generation occurred in an area of ​​72 million mu and 38 million mu respectively.
2. Mythimna separata: Three generations of Mythimna separata occur in Liaoning, eastern Inner Mongolia, southern Hebei, Henan and other places (level 3). High-density and concentrated damage may occur in some areas, and the northeast, north, northwest, southwest, and most parts of Huanghuai are partial. Light (level 2) occurs. Occurred area of ​​25 million mu.
3. Locusts: moderate (Grade 3) occurred in Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Shandong, and Anhui, and mild (Grade 2) occurred in the Northeast, North China, and other areas in the northwest. Occurred area of ​​47 million mu.
4. Bandits: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and other northeastern parts of the Northeast (Grade 3) occurred, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Xinjiang, etc. North China, Huanghuai and Northwest China were light (Grade 2). Occurrence area of ​​20 million mu.
5. Other pests: three generations of cotton bollworms in Henan, Shandong, and Hebei, leaf louses in Shandong, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and northern Shanxi, and two-spotted leaf gall spiders in Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Hebei, and northern Shanxi, etc. (3 Grade) occurred, with an area of ​​35 million mu, 15 million mu and 10 million mu respectively; second-generation grasshoppers, thrips, cultivars, and leafhoppers may cause certain damage in some areas.
(B) Diseases
1. Size and spot: Yunnan, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, north-central Shanxi, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, western Jilin, and eastern Inner Mongolia (level 3) occurred, and other corn production areas were mild (level 2). Occurred area of ​​80 million mu.
2. Head smut: Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hebei, and Inner Mongolia are moderate (Grade 3), and other corn producing areas are mild (Grade 2). Occurrence area of ​​30 million mu.
3. Brown spot: Hebei, Shandong (level 3) occurred, an area of ​​30 million mu.
4. Other diseases: rust, Curvularia leaf spot, ear rot, sheath blight, smut and other diseases can cause certain damage in some areas.
Second, forecast basis
1. The pre-existing pests and diseases have many types and degree, and the base number of pests in the middle and later stages is large.
This year's generation of corn borer occurs in the southwest, Jianghuai, Huanghuai, North China, and most of the northwestern China. It is a moderate (Grade 3) disaster. At present, the damage in other regions except North China has ended; the northeastern regions such as Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Heilongjiang are seriously affected. Most of the current larvae are at their peak. As of July 10, a total of 65.3 million mu of corn borers were produced in the country. Underground pests such as small tigers, earthworms, and wireworms are serious in the north and cover an area of ​​60 million mu. Among them, the small tigers have occurred in more than 20 million mu in Shanxi, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Tianjin, and the seedlings have been killed. It is 10%-20%, and it weighs more than 50%. The occurrence of rough dwarf diseases in Shandong and Jiangsu was 674 million mu and 250,000 mu, respectively. In the east and west of the mountains, the occurrence of heavier occurrences (4-5 grades) occurred. The rate of early sowing maize disease plants in the middle of June was 20%-40%. 100%, 73.5 million acres were planted due to diseases. Diseases at the seedling stage in Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi and Beijing are serious, and the rate of local diseased plants exceeds 40%.
The corn puffer horses occurred earlier in Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Ningxia, and Xinjiang. The average number of worms in Hebei and Shandong was 500, and the number was tens of thousands. The occurrence of the double-leaf larvae occurred in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. The number of strains is about 10, and there are more than 200 fields in Ningxia. Size spot and brown spot occur more frequently in Henan, Shandong and Hebei. Sheath blight and rust occur sporadically in Sichuan and Chongqing.
2. Farming systems, planting patterns and varieties favour the occurrence of pests and diseases
In recent years, farming techniques such as no-tillage and straw returning have been widely promoted throughout the country, and the Huanghuaihai wheat-maize two-cropping system and large-scale mechanical off-site operations have been implemented, which are conducive to the accumulation, migration and spread of many pathogenic bacteria and pests. In addition, the pest resistance of the main cultivars currently in production is generally poor.
3. Future climate is favorable to major pests and diseases
The National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration predicts that the weather forecast in the midsummer will be conducive to the occurrence of corn disease and corn borer in July-August, with most of the northeast, most of North China, the northwestern part of the northwest, Huanghuai and the eastern part of the Yangtze River. Most of the northwestern part of the precipitation is less, which is conducive to the occurrence of insect pests such as leafhoppers, double-spotted spider mites and aphids.
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