Soil remediation is a technical measure to restore contaminated soil to normal function. In the soil remediation industry, there are more than 100 existing soil remediation technologies and more than 10 commonly used technologies, which can be roughly divided into three methods: physical, chemical and biological.
Fundamentally speaking, the technical principle of remediation of contaminated soils may include: (1) changing the existing form of contaminants in the soil or the combination with the soil to reduce its mobility and bioavailability in the environment; ( 2) reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the soil.
In recent years, with the support of the government finance, China has carried out research and development of repair technology equipment for many types of venues. Although there are many remediation techniques that can be listed for soil and groundwater contamination, there are few economically practical remediation techniques. Soil repair techniques are summarized in the following commonly used:
1, thermodynamic repair technology, the use of heat conduction, thermal blanket, hot well or heat wall, or thermal radiation, radio waves heating to achieve the remediation of contaminated soil.
2, thermal desorption repair technology to heat the soil contaminated by organic matter heated to above the boiling point of organic matter to make the adsorption of organic matter in the soil volatilized into a gaseous state and then separated.
3, incineration, the contaminated soil incineration in the incinerator, so that high-molecular-weight harmful substances? Volatile and semi-volatile, decomposed into low-molecular flue gas through the dust, cooling and purification to flue gas emissions standards.
4, landfill method, the waste as a mud to the soil Sludge fertilization, irrigation, adding lime and other ways to adjust the soil nutrients, humidity and pH to maintain pollutants in the soil aerobic degradation.
5, chemical leaching, with the help of chemical / biochemical solvents that can promote the dissolution or migration of pollutants in the soil environment by gravity or by head pressure to promote the eluent into the contaminated soil layer, and then contaminated Of the solution extracted from the soil, the separation and sewage treatment technology.
6, compost method, the use of traditional composting methods, accumulation of contaminated soil, the pollutants and organic matter, straw, wheat straw, wood chips and bark, etc., mixed with manure and other rely on the role of microorganisms in composting process to degrade the soil refractory Organic pollutants.
7, Phytoremediation, using agricultural techniques to improve the chemical and physical constraints unfavorable to plant growth so that it is suitable for planting and is absorbed, volatilized, isolated, and degraded, either directly or indirectly, by planting the preferred plants and their rhizosphere microbes Pollutants, restoration and reconstruction of natural environment and vegetation landscape.
8, infiltration reaction wall, is an in situ treatment technology, in shallow soil and groundwater, to build a permeable, containing reactive materials, wall, polluted water body through the wall when the pollutants and wall reaction materials occur Physical and chemical reactions were removed.
9, bioremediation, the use of biological, especially microbial degradation of organic pollutants, thereby repairing the contaminated environment or eliminate a controlled or spontaneous process of pollutants in the environment. Microbial remediation technology is the use of microorganisms, indigenous bacteria, foreign bacteria, genetic engineering bacteria, the role of pollutants in the metabolism and degradation, degradation of pollutants, mainly for the degradation of organic pollutants in the soil. By changing a variety of environmental conditions, such as nutrition, oxidation-reduction potential, co-metabolism matrix, enhanced microbial degradation in order to achieve the purpose of governance.
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