There are many kinds of technologies used in the field of organic wastewater treatment. At present, all kinds of sewage treatment processes have their advantages, applicable scopes and limitations. Environmental biological treatment technology is the use of biological function of their own products and their functions to control pollution and environmental protection technology, the main body of the system of microorganisms and plants in the technology system, the use of microbial degradation of organic pollutants, commonly known as biochemical treatment Methods or biodegradation methods, mainly to plant absorption of soil and water purification methods include land bioremediation, biological ponds and constructed wetland cast surgery. The following describes the biochemical treatment technology system:
Biochemical treatment technology system
Biochemical treatment is based on the microbial digestion and decomposition of organic pollutants, carbon and energy from which the principle of establishing a technical system. Due to the biochemical reaction process, conditions and types of microorganisms involved in the reaction, biochemical treatment can be simply divided into two categories of aerobic and anaerobic degradation, the basic process of two types of biochemical reactions are as follows.
Aerobic degradation: organic matter + oxygen + aerobic micro-organisms / enzyme → water + carbon dioxide + inorganic nutrients + energy:
Anaerobic degradation: organic matter + anaerobic and endoxygen micro-organisms / enzymes → degraded organic products + inorganic nutrients + energy.
The above two types of reactions are carried out with the participation of different types of micro-organisms. Microbial secretion of enzymes as cattle catalyst to reduce the activation energy required for the reaction to improve the reaction rate, the decomposition of macromolecules and refractory organic compounds, the role of enzymes is particularly important. Aerobic degradation, the material is completely oxidized and decomposed into water and carbon monoxide. In the anaerobic reaction, the original organic matter is changed into chemical structure and degraded into small molecule intermediate. Aerobic and anaerobic decomposition are the release of energy and inorganic nutrients used for the growth of micro-animals. Aerobic degradation is not only complete, the reaction rate is also high, so as to become the main body of biochemical treatment technology. Slower anaerobic reaction, organic material conversion takes longer, but the anaerobic process has two important roles: First, it can reduce the concentration of organic matter in the wastewater: the second is that some aerobic microorganisms can be transformed directly difficult to use the decomposition Difficult to degrade organic matter. Therefore, anaerobic technology plays a very important role in the treatment of highly concentrated and refractory organic wastewater. Biochemical treatment commonly used BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) ratio as a criterion for determining whether the wastewater can be aerobic treatment method, called the biodegradability of wastewater indicators. Anaerobic treatment can improve the BOD / COD ratio, that is to improve the biodegradability of wastewater. Therefore, for low biodegradability organic wastewater, anaerobic treatment is usually used as pretreatment of aerobic degradation.
1.1 aerobic degradation technology
Aerobic degradation techniques are activated sludge and biofilm.
1.1.1 activated sludge method
Activated Sludge is the most traditional aerobic biological treatment technology. The so-called activated sludge refers to microbial flocs formed by the growth and propagation of organic substances in waste water. This flocculation material has two basic characteristics: First, the ability to adsorb and decompose organic matter, and second, its own cohesion and sedimentation is good. Therefore, the working principle of activated sludge method is: through the aeration of oxygen in organic wastewater to promote the growth of microorganisms to form activated sludge, the use of activated sludge adsorption, oxidation and decomposition, aggregation and sedimentation performance of organic wastewater purification of rice pollution Things. In the process of Chan, organic degradation is dependent on the adsorption and oxidation of activated sludge decomposition capacity, and cement separation is the use of activated sludge cohesion and sedimentation performance.
The picture shows the ordinary activated sludge process. Activated sludge method was first applied in Britain in 1914. As shown in Figure 1, after the sewage settling tank, enter the aeration tank and sludge mixing, from the inlet end to the outlet end was push-flow flow, the process of adsorption and metabolic decomposition, and then completed in the first sedimentation tank Separation of water and sludge.
There are many factors that determine the function and effectiveness of an activated sludge treatment system, such as organic load, hydraulic load and reaction time (to determine reactor function), sludge properties and sludge age (to determine biological species, activity and sedimentation) and dissolved oxygen levels, Temperature, water pressure, etc. (affect the processing efficiency). Activated sludge process in the two most basic technical measures: First, aeration to increase the level of dissolved oxygen in the reactor water, and second, through the sludge to ensure that the reactor biomass and activity. Therefore, the descendants in the study and improvement of oxygenation and sludge co-flow on the basis of the development of a series of new technology. Based on the principle of activated sludge process of the new type of cattle processing technology, the more typical and successful batch-type activated sludge and oxidation ditch.
Intermittent activated sludge method, also known as sequencing batch reactor (Sequence Batch Reactor, or SBR), is a newly developed activated sludge method in recent ten years, which is characterized by the primary sedimentation tank, the reaction tank and The secondary sedimentation tanks are placed in the same reactor (SBR reactor) to provide a time-sequential process mode. The treatment process is divided into five stages: water intake, reaction, sedimentation, water discharge and idle. Different from the traditional activated sludge process, the wastewater does not flow in the reactor in a push-flow manner, but is completely mixed with the sludge in the aeration process of the SBR reactor. After the completion of the degradation reaction, the aeration is stopped, the activated sludge particles settle during standing and the upper clear water is discharged from the reactor. This technique simplifies the process structure, improves the efficiency of the mixed mass transfer of the reactor, and correspondingly increases the biodegradation rate. SBR method also has the advantages of less investment, easy to control the operation of the reaction. Therefore, this technology is widely used in the treatment of domestic sewage, food industry wastewater and organic chemical wastewater.
Oxidation Ditch, called oxidation ditch or circulating aeration tank, the main feature of this method is the use of horizontal axis brush, or vertical axis impeller aeration to promote water flow. This process not only consumes less energy but also has both push-flow and hybrid characteristics. As with the SBR method, oxidation ditch technology is widely used both at home and abroad. In addition to treating urban domestic sewage, oxidation ditch technology has also been used to treat refinery wastewater and nitrogen-containing wastewater in a group process.
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