The role of the balance axis:
Make the engine work more smoothly and smoothly.
The balance shaft technology (the structure shown in the white wire frame in the above figure) is a simple and practical engine technology that can effectively reduce vehicle vibration and improve driving comfort. Maybe some consumers will ask why design this structure in some engines? To understand this problem, we need to clarify one thing first - "the principle of engine vibration."
When the engine is in working condition, the piston moves very fast and the speed is very uneven. When the piston is in the top and bottom dead center position, its speed is zero, but the speed in the middle of the top and bottom dead center is the highest. Because the piston makes repeated high-speed linear motion in the cylinder, it will inevitably produce a large inertia force on the piston, the piston pin and the connecting rod. Although the counterweight on the connecting rod can effectively balance these inertial forces, only a part of the moving mass participates in the linear motion, and the other part participates in the rotation. Therefore, in addition to the top and bottom dead center position, other inertial forces cannot fully reach the equilibrium state. At this time, the engine generates vibration.
To eliminate this vibration, designers have adopted many methods, such as using lightweight pistons to reduce the mass of the moving parts, increasing the stiffness of the crankshaft, using a “V†arrangement engine with an included angle of 60 degrees, and so on. The addition of the balance shaft (part shown in the middle position of the figure above) is also one of these methods. Simply speaking, the balance shaft is actually an axis equipped with an eccentric weight and rotating synchronously with the crankshaft, and the reverse vibration force generated by the eccentric weight is used. Makes the engine well balanced and reduces engine vibration.
The balance shaft can be divided into single balance shaft and double balance shaft. The single balance shaft uses a single balance shaft as its name implies. It uses a gear transmission method to drive the fixed balance shaft drive gear, balance shaft driven gear, and balance shaft through crankshaft rotation. The single balance shaft can balance the first-order vibration that occupies a very large proportion of the entire vibration, so that the vibration of the engine can be significantly improved. Due to the simple structure of the single balance shaft and the small footprint, it is widely used in single-cylinder and small-displacement engines. The double balance shaft adopts the chain transmission method to drive the two balance shafts to rotate. One of the balance shafts has the same rotation speed as the engine and can eliminate the first-order vibration of the engine. The other balance shaft rotates at twice the speed of the engine. Can eliminate the second-order vibration of the engine, so as to achieve a more ideal vibration reduction effect. Due to the complexity of the structure of the double-balanced shaft, the high cost, and the relatively large space occupied by the engine, it is generally used in large-displacement vehicles. In addition, there is a double balanced shaft arrangement, that is, the two balance shafts and the center line of the cylinder are arranged symmetrically at an angle, the rotation direction is opposite, and the rotation speed is the same as the crankshaft rotation speed to balance the first order reciprocating inertial force of the engine.
Tip: When the piston moves up and down once, it will make the engine vibrate once and twice, so the vibration frequency of the engine is related to the speed of the engine. In vibration theory, multiple harmonic vibrations are often used to describe the vibration of the engine. The vibration frequency and the engine speed are the same as the first-order vibration. The frequency is twice the engine speed. It is called the second-order vibration, and so on. There are also third-order vibrations. Fourth-order vibration. However, the higher the vibration frequency is, the smaller the amplitude is, and the second-order or higher is negligible. The first-order vibration accounts for more than 70% of the entire vibration and is the main source of vibration.
In summary, the balance shaft is used to balance and reduce the vibration of the engine, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing engine noise, prolonging the service life, and improving the comfort of the occupants. However, not all engines need balanced shafts, like "V" and horizontally opposed engines. These well-balanced engines do not have to design balance shafts; they also depend on the specific brands and models. In the situation, some engines that theoretically need to balance the shaft also do not see him.
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