New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, non-plug-in hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. Before 2013, the development of new energy vehicles in the world was relatively slow. On the one hand, due to the high development costs of new energy vehicles, most of the related automakers suffered losses. On the other hand, there was no representative model to attract consumers. Since the beginning of 2013, Tesla became a The biggest highlight of the new energy automotive sector, ModelS topped the list of North American luxury car sales in the first quarter, and achieved profitability, becoming the world’s most successful new energy vehicle to date.
The development of new energy vehicles is a general trend. Thinking from the perspective of national strategy, in today's shortage of fossil fuels and environmental pollution, the development of new energy vehicles has become an effective measure to reduce fossil energy consumption and reduce environmental pollution. The intention of various governments to support the development of new energy automobile industry is very clear. However, China faces serious environmental pollution problems, the dependence of crude oil on the outside is high, and the development of the automobile industry also lags behind the developed countries. The development of new energy vehicles is an inevitable choice for China’s national strategy.
At the end of the 20th century, rising oil prices and people’s concerns about climate issues caused widespread concern for electric vehicles. European and American Japanese and Japanese manufacturers have all started to make efforts in the field of electric vehicles. In 1993, the U.S. government established the PNGV plan. The three major automakers have introduced hybrid concept cars (light mixing) that use the internal combustion engine as the basic power source. These concept models are more energy-efficient due to the adoption of brake energy recovery technology. Both fuel consumption and emissions have performed very well. Although the high costs did not enable the commercialization of these concept vehicles, this plan set off a wave of new technology research and development in the United States. Volkswagen, Toyota and other depots also introduced their own hybrid vehicles, of which Toyota Prius has been a great success.
Today, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (remixes) and pure electric vehicles have become the development direction of electric vehicles. At present, the performance of plug-in hybrid vehicles can basically meet the daily needs of consumers. In terms of pure electric vehicles, the maximum life of the Tesla ModelS has exceeded 500 kilometers, and part of the performance even exceeds that of traditional cars.
In order to promote the development of new energy vehicles, all major economies in the world have formulated development plans or targets for electric vehicles. According to the statistics of the International Energy Agency, if the targets announced by all these countries can be achieved, about 2 million electric vehicles/PHEVs will be sold by 2015, and about 4.4 million vehicles will be sold by 2020.
In 2012, the total domestic sales of electric vehicles in the US were 53,000, of which 14,687 were pure electric vehicles, which was only 0.1% of the annual sales of automobiles. This figure has significantly improved in 2013. In 2013, the total sales of electric vehicles were 96,000, of which pure electric vehicles sold 48,000, which was three times as much as in 2012. The overall sales volume is on the rise, and the contribution of pure electric vehicles is relatively large. Compared with the United States, Europe favors zero-pollution pure electric vehicles. In the promotion process of new energy vehicles, the most successful and most famous model is the EV version 106. The model has a large number of users among government departments in European countries. It can be predicted that the future market will be more inclined to consume pure electric vehicles.
During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China's support policies for new energy vehicles were intensively introduced, and a clearer and more detailed plan was made for production, sales, and subsidy policies, which provided the basis and impetus for the development of the industry. This indicates that China's new energy vehicles have entered a substantial and rapid development stage.
From 2013 to 2014, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the National Development and Reform Commission announced the list of the first two cities for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, involving 40 cities and regions. Among the 40 cities and regions, the second and third tier cities that are jointly declared in the forms of urban agglomerations, which are mostly economically developed areas, have a high degree of enthusiasm for the promotion of new energy vehicles.
With China's new energy vehicles entering a substantial stage of development, China's new energy vehicles have shown a pattern of prosperous production and sales. From 2010 to 2013, China's new energy vehicle production will grow at a compounded rate of 51.78%, with a compound sales growth rate of 55.01%. In 2013, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China reached 17,500 vehicles and 17,600 vehicles respectively.
Judging from the model structure, in 2013, the new energy vehicles were mainly pure electric vehicles. In 2012-2013, the sales volume of this model accounted for 88.93% and 82.78%, while the mixed models accounted for 11.07% and 17.22%.
As of the end of 2013, the total production and sales volume of new energy vehicles in China totaled approximately 56,000 vehicles. According to the “Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012-2020)â€, by 2015, the cumulative production and sales volume of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles will strive to reach 500,000 units; by 2020, the cumulative production and sales will exceed 5 million vehicles. China's new energy automotive industry will usher in a period of rapid growth in the coming years. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the market capacity is about 4.5 million.
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