Focus on People's Livelihood: Systematic Solution to Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution

[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] From the soil, and back to the soil, was once the essence of agriculture. For thousands of years, agricultural production has always allowed organic matter to complete a life cycle in a cycle. Nowadays, with great efforts, China wants to push forward the "Green Revolution", let the two systems of industry and agriculture truly blend, systematically solve the problem of non-point source pollution, and thus carry out a rural energy revolution.

Focus on People's Livelihood: Systematic Solution to Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution

Straw returning can leave most of the nutrients from the soil, and even if burned, it will return potassium and other elements to the land. It is the common knowledge of farmers to plant livestock manure into farmyard manure. Until the 1950s and 1960s, the green revolution began, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, plastic film and other petrochemical products, agricultural machinery were widely used, and the industrial and agricultural systems finally met. While successfully feeding more and more people in the world, excessive use of chemical products such as fertilizers and pesticides, as well as factory farming methods, have blocked the self-circulation of organic substances in agriculture, and some places have caused serious non-point source pollution. .

Livestock and poultry manure: a large source of agricultural pollution

On the 21st, the 14th meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group proposed to speed up the treatment and recycling of livestock and poultry farming wastes, and pointed out that this "relationship with more than 600 million rural residents' production and living environment, related to the rural energy revolution, can the relationship be continuously improved? Soil fertility and good management of agricultural non-point source pollution are a good thing for the benefit of the country and the people."

In 2015, more than 100 million livestock and poultry farms in China produced 86.25 million tons of meat and 29.99 million tons of eggs, all of which ranked in the world. The production of milk was 38.7 million tons, ranking third. Today, the output value of animal husbandry has accounted for nearly one-third of the total agricultural output. Behind the huge achievements is the growing problem of livestock and manure. At present, the annual production of livestock and poultry manure in the country is about 3.8 billion tons - this is equivalent to 44 kilograms of livestock and poultry manure per 1 kilogram of meat produced. This is the main source of agricultural non-point source pollution.

According to the data of the secondary pollution source survey, the chemical oxygen demand discharged by the livestock and poultry industry in the country reached 12.6826 million tons, accounting for 96% of the total agricultural source emissions; the total nitrogen and total phosphorus emissions were 1.024 million tons and 160,400 tons, respectively. It accounts for 38% and 56% of total agricultural emissions.

In the Dongting Lake area, the surrounding aquaculture wastewater is not only discharged into surface water, but also infiltrated into shallow groundwater, resulting in excessive ammonia nitrogen in some areas of the lake area, which has an impact on the water environment of the lake area and the safety of residents' drinking water.

Sewage cross-flow is not a beautiful country, stinking is not a well-off society, and environmental friendliness is the basic feature of modern agriculture. Under the support of the policy and the market, the facilities of the manure treatment facilities in the local aquaculture industry have been continuously improved, the governance mechanism has been gradually improved, and the utilization level of livestock and poultry manure resources has been continuously improved. The comprehensive utilization rate has increased from 50% in 2012 to 2015. Nearly 60%.

"Promoting the treatment and resource utilization of livestock and poultry farming is an inevitable requirement for implementing the concept of green development, a concrete action to promote the transformation and upgrading of animal husbandry, an important measure to strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, and an urgent task to respond to the concerns of the people. "The Minister of Agriculture, Han Changfu, said a few days ago.

Energyization and Recycling: The Road to Rebirth of Livestock and Poultry Manure

In the Yanqing District of Beijing's outer suburbs, the 3 million laying hens in the domestic large-scale laying hen farm Deqingyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. can produce 500 million eggs per year for consumers, but if the chicken manure is piled up for one year, It is equivalent to stacking 10 meters high on a standard football field. Chicken manure can have devastating effects on local water, soil and air if not handled properly. Deqingyuan is determined to solve this big problem in the aquaculture industry - using chicken manure to generate electricity. The automatic mechanical decontamination system realizes the daily production of chicken manure. The underground closed central debride belt transports the daily chicken manure directly to the biogas power plant. The power plant produces 7 million cubic meters of biogas per year and can generate 14 million kWh. The system can provide 500 farmers with 730,000 cubic meters of biogas as a fuel for living, ending the life of local farmers. The “by-product” biogas slurry is used as organic fertilizer, planting fruits and vegetables and corn, and has opened up the ecological cycle of breeding and planting.

All garbage is a resource that has been misplaced. Livestock and poultry manure that is a headache in livestock production is no exception. In addition to being used as a clean energy source, another major use of livestock and poultry manure is to make organic fertilizer, which is also the main resource utilization method currently used in various places.

In Jiangsu, where the organic fertilizer industry is large, governments at all levels have established a mechanism for the promotion and application of commercial organic fertilizers combined with financial subsidies and market operations. Farmers can receive subsidies for the purchase of organic fertilizers. The organic fertilizer market continues to heat up, which has promoted the upgrading of production enterprises from “open-air, workshop-style, seasonal” to “mechanized, large-scale, all-weather”.