In industrial applications where high-grade sulfide minerals such as flotation gold concentrates are pre-oxidized and cyanide leached, the construction of high-efficiency reactors is the key to improving production efficiency. However, in the papers published in foreign bioleaching, the papers on reactors are less than 6%, and domestic papers in this area are even rarer. At present, in the bioleaching treatment of gold concentrates, due to the limitations of the strains, the reaction temperature of the normal temperature bacteria is 40-45 ° C, and the reaction temperature of the medium-temperature bacteria is only 50-60 ° C. The oxidation rate (65% to 95%) generally takes 4 to 7 days, while other hydrometallurgical techniques only take several hours. On the other hand, the concentration of the slurry during bioleaching is limited to less than 20%, resulting in unit processing of the equipment. The ability is small. Therefore, the high-grade sulphide ore bioleaching technology has a competitive advantage in comparison with other hydrometallurgical methods in terms of production and production costs. It is urgent to solve the process engineering problem, develop a high-efficiency bioleaching reactor, and shorten the leaching. Cycle, increase pulp concentration and reduce production costs.
So far, there have been few studies on microbial metallurgical bioreactors. The most commonly used in the laboratory is the triangular shake flask, followed by the column reactor and the trough reactor with or without agitation, which is commonly used in industrial production. For reactors without or without agitating devices, the working volume is generally in the range of several hundred cubic meters, and the agitation can be achieved by mechanical or air. At present, the most commonly used reactors are a stirred tank reactor (STR) and an airlift reactor (ALR), in addition to a foam column reactor (BCR), a Bachelor tank, a low energy reactor, a drum type organism. A new type of reactor designed for bioleaching processes such as reactors.
(1) Mechanically stirred tank reactor (STR). A mechanically agitated tank reactor is a reactor that is applied from a chemical process. Its propeller plays the most important role, at least three major tasks are required: suspension of solid particles, mixing of air and water phase, and dissolution into the aqueous phase, the interface between the atmosphere and the aqueous phase. Turboprops are more commonly used in these reactors, and axially propellers with curved blades have recently been used because the latter requires less power and a lower shear force when the same level of agitation is achieved. Although the stirred tank reactor has long-term experience, it also has some obvious shortcomings, such as large power consumption, difficult processing, high investment, troublesome maintenance, large stirring shear force, large damage to cell growth, and large-scale The mixing is uneven, the heat transfer area is insufficient, and the mass transfer efficiency is lowered.
(2) Air-open reactor. Airlift reactor (ALR) principle: The solid particles are maintained in suspension by the rising motion of the fluid (gas, liquid). The gas, liquid and suspended solid particles move upward together in the upflow zone of the reactor. In the downflow zone, the liquid phase and the solid particles flow down to the bottom of the reactor, and the pressure difference generated by different gas phase contents in the ascending and descending zones is forced to drop. The liquid phase and solid particles in the flow zone flow into the upflow zone, thereby forming a circulating flow of gas, liquid and solid three phases in the reactor, generating a fluidization effect and reaching a turbulent state. Fang used At.t Ts6 and Brettanomy ce s B65 mixed bacteria to leach chromium from activated sludge in a single-stage airlift reactor (see Figure 5-6), maintaining the reaction temperature at 30 ° C, and leaching for 3 days. rate is more than 95%, but the cost of construction airlift reactor is too large, and a small amount of processing, therefore Mousavi et al bioleaching process for the establishment of Figure 5-7 shows for leaching of sphalerite. The specific process flow is: maintaining the growth temperature of At.f by a water bath at 28 ° C, and then inputting the bacterial culture liquid from the reservoir into the mineral filler column through a constant flow pump, wherein the leaching liquid and the gas flow back to each other in the packed column, and the packed tower is used. The insulating material prevents the heat generated by the mineral from being lost. The solution flowing out of the leaching column is re-flowed into the reservoir by the action of gravity, and thus circulates. At 28 ° C, the leaching rate of zinc reached 72% after 120 days of leaching. This process, while increasing the leaching cycle relative to the airlift reactor, reduces the cost of mineral agitation. However, since the immersion column is not properly stirred, when the leaching solution flows through the leaching column from top to bottom, the gully is easily formed, which restricts the sufficient contact between the mineral and the leaching solution, and reduces the leaching rate.
(3) Membrane bioreactor. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a high-tech developed at the end of the 20th century. It combines membrane separation technology and biotechnology organically. It has the incomparable advantages of traditional technology and has become a hot research topic in the field of biotechnology in recent years. Membrane bioreactor applications have the following advantages: 1) Increase the reaction rate. Many reactions in biology are product inhibition, that is, as the reaction progresses, the product concentration increases and the reaction rate decreases. The membrane bioreactor can be used to remove the product during the reaction, keeping the product concentration constant and increasing the reaction rate. 2) Increase the conversion rate of the reaction. The membrane bioreactor can continuously separate the product or by-product from the reaction zone, and balance the reaction, thereby greatly improving the reaction conversion rate, increasing the yield or the processing capacity, and the process energy consumption is low and the efficiency is high. 3) Simplify the production steps. The membrane bioreactor completes the reaction and separation in the same step, simplifies the production steps, reduces labor and improves labor efficiency. 4) The biocatalyst is retained to allow the cells or enzyme to be carried out at a high concentration. 5) Reduce energy consumption and save costs. However, in the field of biometallurgy, the membrane bioleaching reactor has rarely been reported. It has been reported that the membrane bioleaching reactor is used to leach nickel- molybdenum ore. The leaching rate of nickel and molybdenum is higher than that of the column under the same conditions. If the future research in this area can be further strengthened, MBR will surely make a great contribution in the field of bioleaching.
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