Abstract:Mine waterproof and water control is much important to mining and environmental protection. Depending on different conditions of hydrological geology,Jingling Iron Mine has adopted different methods of controlling underground water such as unwatering, integrated controlling,etc.to control the underground water of Mine for many years, the favorable effects of safe production and protecting grand water resources are realized.
I. Overview
In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy, people's demand for water resources is increasing, and a large amount of groundwater is pumped, resulting in a rapid and significant drop in the groundwater level, which has caused many unfavorable engineering geological problems and worsened the water resources environment. The phenomenon occurs, such as the collapse of the ground, the sinking of the city's ground, and the deterioration of water quality. Therefore, strengthening water resources management, scientifically developing water resources, and rationally utilizing and managing water resources are important tasks in the future. At the same time, groundwater problems in mine production should not be ignored. Although the groundwater level has dropped significantly due to the large amount of over-exploitation of groundwater resources, in the recent mining process, flooding and flooding accidents in wells still occur from time to time. Therefore, in the process of mine production, strengthening the study of hydrogeological conditions in mining areas and adopting effective and scientific methods for preventing and controlling water are the key to ensuring mine production safety and protecting groundwater resources, and also the focus of future work of mine hydrogeologists. .
Second, mine water control methods
Reasonable water control methods must be compatible with the hydrogeological conditions of the deposit, and fully consider the relationship between the ore body and the aquifer, as well as the existing technical equipment and other factors.
The current water prevention and control methods in mines are mainly sparse, blocked and intercepted.
The so-called "sparse" is to drain and release water. The groundwater in the aquifer surrounding the ore body is released to lower the groundwater level below the middle section of the mine, eliminating flooding and safe mining. Includes full dewatering and partial dewatering.
“Blocking†means keeping the groundwater out of the mining influence. Use natural water-blocking boundaries, water-blocking structures and weak (not) permeable rock (mineral) bodies to lay a certain grouting project at appropriate locations, using cement slurries or chemical slurries for water-conducting fissures, karst or seepage The water structure is plugged to form a certain range of artificial water-repellent curtains to minimize mine drainage.
The “cut†means that the groundwater entering the mining area is taken out from the aquifer by using the roadway or the borehole, or the waterproof mine (rock) column is used, so that the groundwater cannot directly enter the mining area, and the water level does not need to be lowered below the level of the mining area.
In the process of mining, its water control method is not only one kind of “sparing†or “blocking†or “cuttingâ€, but also a combination of various methods. At the same time, different levels or blocks of a deposit, its water control The method is also different. The ultimate goal is to ensure safe mining. At the same time, it must be scientific in terms of economics and protection of water resources.
Third, Jinling Iron Mine water prevention and control work
Shandong Gold Ridge mine iron ore in Shandong Province as an important production base, long history of mining, mine hydrogeological situation is more complex, most deposits are mine flood. Therefore, mine water control has always been an important task in mine safety production.
Jinling Iron Mine Department is located in Zhongyu Town, Zhangdian District, Zibo City, Shandong Province. It consists of dozens of deposits such as Tieshan, Beijinzhao, Beijinzhaobei, Houzhuang and Xinzhuang. The Tieshan deposit was mined in 1997, and the total ore is more than 1 million tons of ore. The type of deposit belongs to the contact metasomatic skarn type magnet deposit. There are two main aquifers in the mining area, the limestone dissolution aquifer of the Ordovician Zhongjia Majiagou Formation and the Quaternary sand gravel pore aquifer. Most of the limestone is the direct roof of the ore body.
(1) Dredging and controlling water
After several decades of mining, the Jinling iron ore mine has different water control methods due to the different degrees of hydrogeological research. As the earliest mining mine, the Tieshan deposit was transferred from open pit mining to pit mining. The mining level was graded from top to bottom. The prevention and control work was also carried out from the shallow part to the lower part of the lower part, that is, due to the shallow mine. The top limestone of the body is mostly the strong water-bearing section of the upper limestone, so it is necessary to carry out dewatering and precipitation. In the deep part, due to the weakening of the development of karst fissures, the limestone is close to the ore body, and there is a weak permeable section (also called the lower layer of limestone) with a certain thickness. Therefore, it is only necessary to drain the groundwater to safely mine. By 1997, the Tieshan deposit was successfully closed, and the upper limestone water level was still higher than the mining level of more than 60 meters, and it was the main source of living water in the mining area.
(2) Comprehensive water control
The deep research on the multi-layered limestone multi-layer structure and the discovery of the phenomenon of “two-layer water†in the limestone have enabled the Beijin and Zhaobei deposits to successfully control the water using the “two-layer water†theory.
The so-called "two-layer water" means that in the same thick aquifer, the same aquifer that has the same head (water level) is formed by releasing water (or pumping water) to form two upper (or more) water heads (water level). The two heads (water level) coexist for a long time without disappearing during the whole process of discharging water (or pumping water).
The Beijin and Zhaobei deposits have adopted a comprehensive prevention and control method of “lower layer dewatering, pressurized mining, and auxiliary interceptionâ€. The deposit is divided into three blocks, namely the eastern block, and appropriate ore is placed at the end of the ore body. column, the upper limestone water stopped, it does not directly enter the tunnel; the central area of the upper limestone, using both ends of the boundary diorite, a "horizontal curtain" grouting approach, man-made waterproof layer, the gray The rock is divided into upper and lower layers, and only the lower layer of limestone is partially drained, and the upper layer of limestone water is not drained, but with water pressure mining. In the western block, according to the characteristics of the limestone permeable and weak, the "two-layer water" theory is used to adopt the "lower partial partial drying" method. Since the implementation of the method in the early 1980s, the mining level has reached -370m, and the upper limestone water level is still above -240m, and safe mining has been achieved.
The Houzhuang deposit was delayed in production in the 1960s due to large water. In the 1980s, the "two-layer water" theory was used to reanalyze the hydrogeological conditions of the deposit and carry out basic hydrogeological exploration. The nine double-layer observation holes and six infrastructures in the deposit were respectively The limestone rock within 80m above the roof of the exploration ore body was subjected to a staged water pressure test. It was found that there is an impervious (weak permeable) section with an average thickness of about 70m in the limestone above the roof of the ore body, which is mainly used for exploration. The “draining†method of water treatment provides a reliable basis. The deposit has been in operation since 1992, with a mining level of -280m and an upper limestone water level of -120m. The mine displacement is maintained at around 4000m 3 /d.
In recent years, the Beijinzhao deposit and the Xinzhuang deposit, which were mined in recent years, have similarly adopted a comprehensive method of comprehensively controlling groundwater, achieving good water control effects for safe production and protection of groundwater resources.
Fourth, the conclusion
Adopting a scientific method of controlling water is the key to safe mining. There is no merit in any method of controlling water, mainly depending on whether it adapts to the hydrogeological characteristics of the deposit, whether it meets the needs of safe mining and protection of groundwater resources, and whether it has economic and social benefits. Therefore, strengthening the research on the multi-layer structure of the thick limestone aquifer is undoubtedly necessary for the prevention and control of the groundwater in the mine. At the same time, the water-blocking capacity, spatial location and distribution of the hydrogeological boundary conditions, especially the aquifer. Issues such as scope and stability are also important for the development of scientific and effective methods of controlling water.
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