Paper is made from wood fiber pulp, fillers, pigments, and flocculation additives. Add fillers such as clay or lime to make the paper opaque. Add titanium dioxide and other dyes and pigments, adjust the gloss of the paper. Improving the retention of these ingredients is the most important in the paper manufacturing process.
The zeta potential, rheology, interactions in the physical properties of all components of paper products, and the efficiency of paper manufacturing plants are quite complex, but there are two parameters that can help - zeta potential and rheology. Zeta potential can determine the charge interaction between particles. A positive or negative high zeta potential prevents flocculation. If the potential value is reduced to very close to zero, the particles can be brought close to each other and flocculate. Changes in zeta potential can affect retention strength, strength, paper machine deposits, additive requirements, and ultimate cost generation. In addition to the process itself, effective wastewater treatment depends primarily on the zeta potential of the emitted material. With ZetasizerNanoZ or NanoZS instruments, the Zeta potential can be measured quickly and easily.
The application of zeta potential measurements in paper mills can be performed in two ways. First, if everything is normal, the paper mill can establish a zeta potential meter. You can check for future problems by checking the variables in this standard table. Second, the existing manufacturing process can be improved by examining the zeta potential at each stage of the manufacturing process.
The zeta potential of the pulp and other particles in the manufacturing process can be varied for a variety of reasons such as purification, pH, pulp source, waste paper composition, and number of additives. Combining the ZetasizerNano with a multi-purpose titrator (MPT-2) can automatically study the effect of these different parameters on pulp and other particles. MPT-2 can automatically measure the effect of pH, conductivity, or additive concentration on the zeta potential of the dispersion.
The above-mentioned conditions related to the zeta potential also apply to rheological properties. The rheological measurements are generally performed on fluids that require undiluted fluids, for example, to enable the user to simulate the performance of paper coatings (with complex components) subjected to high shear and high stress during the paper coating process. By simulating these conditions in advance in a rheometer or using a rheometer to design the paper material composition, process problems and shutdown failures are avoided, thereby avoiding production failures and product defects.
Particle sizing and paper manufacturing granularity play an important role in the paper manufacturing process. Careful monitoring of the particle size of the raw materials used in the manufacturing process is required, and the quality of the product may be degraded due to particle size changes. For example, the particle size distribution of the titanium dioxide particles used as a pigment in the paper manufacturing process will have an effect on the gloss of the finished product. If the particle size of the raw material is small enough (usually less than 1 micron), the Zetasizer can be used to measure the particle size. Laser diffraction is another particle size analysis technique suitable for measuring larger particle size distribution samples. With appropriate wet or dry sample dispersion units, Mastersizer 2000 can be used for such applications.
The zeta potential, rheology, interactions in the physical properties of all components of paper products, and the efficiency of paper manufacturing plants are quite complex, but there are two parameters that can help - zeta potential and rheology. Zeta potential can determine the charge interaction between particles. A positive or negative high zeta potential prevents flocculation. If the potential value is reduced to very close to zero, the particles can be brought close to each other and flocculate. Changes in zeta potential can affect retention strength, strength, paper machine deposits, additive requirements, and ultimate cost generation. In addition to the process itself, effective wastewater treatment depends primarily on the zeta potential of the emitted material. With ZetasizerNanoZ or NanoZS instruments, the Zeta potential can be measured quickly and easily.
The application of zeta potential measurements in paper mills can be performed in two ways. First, if everything is normal, the paper mill can establish a zeta potential meter. You can check for future problems by checking the variables in this standard table. Second, the existing manufacturing process can be improved by examining the zeta potential at each stage of the manufacturing process.
The zeta potential of the pulp and other particles in the manufacturing process can be varied for a variety of reasons such as purification, pH, pulp source, waste paper composition, and number of additives. Combining the ZetasizerNano with a multi-purpose titrator (MPT-2) can automatically study the effect of these different parameters on pulp and other particles. MPT-2 can automatically measure the effect of pH, conductivity, or additive concentration on the zeta potential of the dispersion.
The above-mentioned conditions related to the zeta potential also apply to rheological properties. The rheological measurements are generally performed on fluids that require undiluted fluids, for example, to enable the user to simulate the performance of paper coatings (with complex components) subjected to high shear and high stress during the paper coating process. By simulating these conditions in advance in a rheometer or using a rheometer to design the paper material composition, process problems and shutdown failures are avoided, thereby avoiding production failures and product defects.
Particle sizing and paper manufacturing granularity play an important role in the paper manufacturing process. Careful monitoring of the particle size of the raw materials used in the manufacturing process is required, and the quality of the product may be degraded due to particle size changes. For example, the particle size distribution of the titanium dioxide particles used as a pigment in the paper manufacturing process will have an effect on the gloss of the finished product. If the particle size of the raw material is small enough (usually less than 1 micron), the Zetasizer can be used to measure the particle size. Laser diffraction is another particle size analysis technique suitable for measuring larger particle size distribution samples. With appropriate wet or dry sample dispersion units, Mastersizer 2000 can be used for such applications.
Boiler Steam Superheater is a coil type heat exchanger which is used to produce superheated steam or to convert the wet steam to dry steam, generated by a boiler.
It is different from a boiler in a way that, boiler utilizes both sensible heat as well as latent heat to convert water into steam while superheater utilizes only sensible heat to superheat the steam in order to increase its enthalpy.
Bare tube type steam superheater coils, plate super heaters are commonly used.
Steam Superheater,Platen Superheater,Types Of Superheater,Superheater In Boiler Diagram
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