1 Significance of soil moisture monitoring First, public opinion monitoring can provide scientific guidance and direct services for agricultural restructuring and important agricultural activities. According to the spatial-temporal evolution law of soil moisture content, first, it can guide and organize farmers accurately for the agricultural sector, make agricultural structural adjustments and production layouts, and make scientific macro-level decisions; second, it can be developed and adopted by the agricultural technology extension departments and farmers in due course. Water-supply irrigation and farmland water storage and security measures, so that the soil as a result of fertilization, in order to provide scientific basis for improving dryland replenishment and fertilization benefits; Third, can guide the dryland agriculture field infrastructure construction and improve the national infrastructure investment benefits. Secondly, public opinion monitoring can provide an evaluation basis for the verification of national project construction investment and the effectiveness of agricultural technology services. Dryland farming areas also need to use soil nutrient detection instruments and other nutrient detection instruments to assist soil moisture monitoring. Soil moisture monitoring is a basic public welfare undertaking for the development of dry farming. It involves a lot of content, high technical content, and strong applicability to production. The development of dry farming focuses on strengthening infrastructure construction in dry farmland and increasing overall production capacity. The level of public opinion monitoring and soil moisture conditions can reflect the quality of infrastructure construction and the effectiveness of national investment. Third, public opinion monitoring can provide reference for the research and integration of agricultural water-saving technologies and drought-resistance and disaster-reduction technologies. With the development of dryland farming in China and the implementation of the western development strategy, the research and development of high-efficiency, low-consumption, water-saving technologies and adaptive cultivation technologies for drought-resistant and disaster-reducing disasters will surely become the focus of attention of all relevant departments. Through the exploration of the accumulation and evolution law of soil moisture monitoring information, it can provide a rich basis for the innovation of new technologies and the transformation of achievements.
2 Establishment of soil moisture monitoring points According to the regulations, the establishment of soil moisture monitoring points should follow the following principles:
First, according to comprehensive considerations of agricultural divisions, precipitation distribution, landforms, soil properties, planting systems, and agricultural production levels, select local construction sites with strong representativeness, convenient sampling, strong staff responsibility, and farmers willing to cooperate.
Second, the core demonstration area of ​​dry farming projects must be built.
Thirdly, monitoring points must be guaranteed to be stable for 3 years to 5 years or longer.
Fourth, the province is the unit of network distribution, the county as a unit to implement. A simple monitoring network can also be established at the county level.
3 soil moisture test method soil moisture test method and the corresponding instrument configuration is as follows:
One is the drying method. The drying method is a method applied to a soil-based laboratory. It is necessary to purchase related items such as drying boxes, balances, and aluminum boxes. At the same time, soil samples need to be collected and brought to the laboratory for unified treatment. The workload is large and takes a long time. (2 d) Completed. The accuracy of the test method is relatively high, the test error between the samples is small, and the general research unit has more applications.
The second is the alcohol burning method. The method is to operate in the field, generally only need alcohol lamp, shabu-shabu, small balance, soil sample collection tools, etc. The cost is cheap, the method is simple, and it can complete a point soil moisture test in a very short time. However, when the number of public opinion monitoring sites is large, field work using this method is relatively difficult, and its data accuracy is lower than that of the drying method. In general, this method is applied more in production.
The third is the speed measurement instrument method. The soil moisture meter is a small electronic device, which has the advantages of convenient operation, uniform data accuracy, and easy carrying. Some instruments can also be connected to computers, making data processing, transfer, etc. very quick. However, the speed of high-speed measurement equipment is relatively high. The price of an instrument reaches 4 000 to 10 000 yuan. It should be noted that the test data is the volumetric moisture content, and the data tested by the above two methods is the weight water content, so it is necessary to test the correction coefficient in the laboratory.
4 Data Analysis and Transmission In data analysis, we must first analyze whether the current soil moisture content can meet the needs of crop growth, and give preliminary conclusions, which can be generally divided into 4 levels - good, fair, inadequate, and severely inadequate. . The second is to analyze whether the current agricultural production technology can improve the utilization of soil water, or reduce the threat of drought. The third is to address the needs of high-yield, high-quality, and high-efficiency production of crops and propose technical measures, such as how to improve the utilization rate of precipitation and the utilization rate of fertilizers. Other analyses can also be done, such as comparing the effects of different technologies on drought yield, analyzing and predicting the current production situation. With the increase of monitoring period, the relationship between precipitation in different years and the soil water content at the same period in different years can be analyzed. The monitoring data shall be reported to the technical department at the next level for summary processing, and after analysis, the local government shall be provided with analysis reports and technical measures.
5 Monitoring of data archiving Soil moisture monitoring is a long-term task. Especially as time goes by and monitoring data accumulates, simple information can be transformed into important information resources for local agricultural production services. forecast. The archival content of the data includes basic reports and landscape photos for each monitoring point, each monitoring record, record summary table, analysis report and other important information. The use of computer systems for file management is an efficient and convenient management method and should be actively promoted.
2 Establishment of soil moisture monitoring points According to the regulations, the establishment of soil moisture monitoring points should follow the following principles:
First, according to comprehensive considerations of agricultural divisions, precipitation distribution, landforms, soil properties, planting systems, and agricultural production levels, select local construction sites with strong representativeness, convenient sampling, strong staff responsibility, and farmers willing to cooperate.
Second, the core demonstration area of ​​dry farming projects must be built.
Thirdly, monitoring points must be guaranteed to be stable for 3 years to 5 years or longer.
Fourth, the province is the unit of network distribution, the county as a unit to implement. A simple monitoring network can also be established at the county level.
3 soil moisture test method soil moisture test method and the corresponding instrument configuration is as follows:
One is the drying method. The drying method is a method applied to a soil-based laboratory. It is necessary to purchase related items such as drying boxes, balances, and aluminum boxes. At the same time, soil samples need to be collected and brought to the laboratory for unified treatment. The workload is large and takes a long time. (2 d) Completed. The accuracy of the test method is relatively high, the test error between the samples is small, and the general research unit has more applications.
The second is the alcohol burning method. The method is to operate in the field, generally only need alcohol lamp, shabu-shabu, small balance, soil sample collection tools, etc. The cost is cheap, the method is simple, and it can complete a point soil moisture test in a very short time. However, when the number of public opinion monitoring sites is large, field work using this method is relatively difficult, and its data accuracy is lower than that of the drying method. In general, this method is applied more in production.
The third is the speed measurement instrument method. The soil moisture meter is a small electronic device, which has the advantages of convenient operation, uniform data accuracy, and easy carrying. Some instruments can also be connected to computers, making data processing, transfer, etc. very quick. However, the speed of high-speed measurement equipment is relatively high. The price of an instrument reaches 4 000 to 10 000 yuan. It should be noted that the test data is the volumetric moisture content, and the data tested by the above two methods is the weight water content, so it is necessary to test the correction coefficient in the laboratory.
4 Data Analysis and Transmission In data analysis, we must first analyze whether the current soil moisture content can meet the needs of crop growth, and give preliminary conclusions, which can be generally divided into 4 levels - good, fair, inadequate, and severely inadequate. . The second is to analyze whether the current agricultural production technology can improve the utilization of soil water, or reduce the threat of drought. The third is to address the needs of high-yield, high-quality, and high-efficiency production of crops and propose technical measures, such as how to improve the utilization rate of precipitation and the utilization rate of fertilizers. Other analyses can also be done, such as comparing the effects of different technologies on drought yield, analyzing and predicting the current production situation. With the increase of monitoring period, the relationship between precipitation in different years and the soil water content at the same period in different years can be analyzed. The monitoring data shall be reported to the technical department at the next level for summary processing, and after analysis, the local government shall be provided with analysis reports and technical measures.
5 Monitoring of data archiving Soil moisture monitoring is a long-term task. Especially as time goes by and monitoring data accumulates, simple information can be transformed into important information resources for local agricultural production services. forecast. The archival content of the data includes basic reports and landscape photos for each monitoring point, each monitoring record, record summary table, analysis report and other important information. The use of computer systems for file management is an efficient and convenient management method and should be actively promoted.
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