Zirconium Diboride (ZrB2) is a highly covalent refractory ceramic material with a hexagonal crystal structure. Zirconium Diboride Tech Grade is an ultra high temperature ceramic (UHTC) with a melting point of 3246 °C. This along with its relatively low density of ~6.09 g/cm3 (measured density may be higher due to hafnium impurities) and good high temperature strength makes it a candidate for high temperature aerospace applications such as hypersonic flight or rocket propulsion systems. It is an unusual ceramic, having relatively high thermal and electrical conductivities, properties it shares with isostructural titanium diboride and hafnium diboride.
Zirconium Diboride Powder parts are usually hot pressed (pressure applied to the heated powder) and then machined to shape. Sintering of ZrB2 is hindered by the material's covalent nature and presence of surface oxides which increase grain coarsening before densification during sintering. Pressureless Sodium Hexametaphosphate sintering of Zirconium Boride Raw Material is possible with sintering additives such as Boron Carbide and carbon which react Titanium Dioxide with the surface oxides to increase the driving force for sintering but mechanical properties are degraded compared to hot pressed ZrB2.
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